The theory is that agriculture requires cooperation and interdependence. He draws historical records of violence across the U.S. and Europe to show that violence largely accompanies perceptions of political weakness and the inability to advance oneself in society. (including. In terms of question 2, I need to present my reactions in this kind of situations. Oh, come on, smile properly has been a signal of Chinese. The experiment involved several steps: Step #1: The researchers directed the young men to drop off a questionnaire at the end of a long hallway. By Gladwell's logic, the same could be said for any situation, On September 3, 1963, Malcolm Gladwell was born in Fareham, Hampshire, England to Graham Gladwell, a British mathematics, In todays society, what makes a person an outlier? Share to others as well Enjoy. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform summary of "Outliers" by Malcolm Gladwell. Farmers depend on each other and the community to grow and sell a variety of crops. It came to be expectedpeople here did not live in harmony; this was simply the way things were. The experiment looked at the way college-aged men responded to being called an asshole. WebWhile students from the North were rather excusing of insulting behavior, students from the South became much more tense and aggressive--indicating the surprising longevity of For Culture honor, the WW2 would definitely be a great example. live by this rule: "Leave nothing important unsaid" Intimacy takes courage. LitCharts Teacher Editions. These immigrants were mainly herdsman in the mountains, and herdsman are a lot more independent than farmers because they have livestock to protect. WebSummary Of Outliers Gladwell. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Many of those incidents most likely resulted from the belief of culture of honor. herdsman, whose livelihood depended on their being feared and respected enough Gladwell argues that cultural habits like culture of honor can persist far longer the circumstances that gave rise to the habits. The cultures of our ancestors (even the aspects we no longer practice or ascribe to) influence our present-day behaviors. Talent is important, but talent alone can only take you so far. It depends on what type of legacies was passed that will affect a person. It came to be expectedpeople here did As a reason, I did not want to become embarrassed when we met in the future because of the brawl. These feuds were all implications of the Culture of Honor. This thesis is limited, however, by modern evidence that a culture of honor in the American South is strongest not in the hill country, where this thesis suggests it has its cultural origins, but in Southern lowlands. Animals can be stolen more easily than a field of crops. What is the culture of honor in outliers? no no no, I am one of your northern boy, but I am polite, peaceful, and kind(lol), so in my point of view, the situation is the things that are more abstract; for example, the education is one of the most effective things. Repay ingratitude with kindness, what to return for kindness? Southern gentlemen are also expected to be chivalrous toward women, in words and deeds. Why is there a culture of honor in the South? Chapter 5 looked at the way Joe Floms Jewish culture provided him with several opportunities that paved his way to extraordinary success. Unlike settlers with an agricultural heritage (mainly from the densely populated South East England and East Anglia) who settled in New England, the Southern United States was settled by herders from Scotland, Northern Ireland, Northern England, and the West Country. Well see how this challenges cultural legacy later. He has a passion for non-fiction books (having read 200+ and counting) and is on a mission to make the world's best ideas more accessible to everyone. They took saliva samples before and after the hallway incident to measure levels of cortisol and testosterone (markers of stress and aggression). Personally, I do not think it is a advisable way to fight back immediately. WebThe reason for the pattern of violence is a culture of honor. In mountainous regions, where farming is not possible, economies revolve around livestock herding. The men fell into two distinct groups. Erikson s stages of psychosocial development. They were no longer herders, so it didnt make immediate sense to retain the same behaviors that made herders successful. The series of experiments included filling out and completing a questionnaire and returning it to a file cabinet at the very end of an extremely long and narrow hallway. For instance, a way of life (herding animals) led to a cultural trait (aggressively defending your honor) that still impacts descendents no longer herding animals for a living. They are often determined by cultural practices from centuries ago that have been passed down through each generation. Gladwell is very clear about the relevant point here: cultural legacies are real, and they have a lasting effect on our lives. Gladwell tells the story of a small town in In this case, what are the material consequences of a culture of honor? Teachers and parents! I think people living in eastern China also have the culture of honor; Although sometimes they may complain or make jokes to people or things in their regions, but that's just allowed to do by themselves. The news always talks about shootings, fights, and gang problems occurring in the city. What is a culture of honor outliers? Though they say jokes about themselves and laugh about that, don't ever think to say the same jokes with them; they will beat the crap outta you. Growing. Shortform has the world's best summaries of books you should be reading. Gladwell discusses the idea of culture of honor and does great job of describing it in detail, but I want to elaborate more on it. February 16, 2022. what is culture of honor in outliersintroduction to operating system notes pdf. Same here when u go north in my country. (This prescribed alternation of periods of work and rest mirrors the work patterns of European farmers. Required fields are marked *. Just people honor their own cultures, they defend their cultures. Our cultural legacies impact us long after weve ceased to practice the particular elements of our culture that spawned them. Culture honor match the spirits that give them brave and resolution. Gladwell discusses the idea of culture of honor and does great job of describing it in detail, but I want to elaborate more on it. They knew that the actions of the families of Harlan in the nineteenth century were a product of patterns laid down in the English borderlands centuries before. In the Appalachians between the 1860s and the early 1900s, a series of rivalries and murders rocked the area. [2] However, honor cultures were and are widely prevalent in Africa[11] and many other places. A Johns Hopkins study has demonstrated that math and reading scores of poor students drop over the summer while scores among wealthy students increase. This preview shows page 1 - 3 out of 7 pages. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. one family fights with another, its a feud. [6] In culture-of-honor states, high school students were found to be more likely to bring a weapon to school in the past month and over a 20-year period, there were more than twice as many school shootings per capita. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Silence The answers are inside of you if you have the courage to listen. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform summary of "Outliers" by Malcolm Gladwell. A culture of honor is one in which your self-worth (and sometimes your livelihood as well), is based on your reputation. Like this article? For protecting our culture and our country, Zexu Lin who was a official in Qin Dynasty warring to drift these foreign people. If I was in the experiment, I will do react as the young man, in addition, maybe I will give some hints to him why I am angry to avoid meaningless fighting. Areas unsuitable for agriculture, like rocky, mountainous areas, foster a culture of honor. Their descendant are straightforward, love drinking and advocate violence. To start with the example in my country, and in my opinion, the most obvious example is the people who live in Northeast China. Sign up for a free trial here . Your email address will not be published. where and how ones ancestors many generations back grew up, has an impact on When the subject of the experiment tried to squeeze by, the confederate slammed the door and called the subject an asshole. On the other hand, herding is a risky and solitary venture. /clothes donation kings cross. ]Z 246'nMaz$DRc4DK cmmo2([S-G~A#Jh&U0Z+/uVeS/NgP8/XdY'*]qe"N;mJx-k?9{5+ZI PL!Ojc(2ou1Pz v=Lr5qHWjCBY6 {Ymi"'QDzgmm245C_Ny!C-d_T,VVW{MarDY}F[^}4Gw^7dL|wIs=U "M| O{a Ff}_LAEp'}4p]&1*vSoj9R3_ By 03 Nov, 2020 Uncategorized 03 Nov, 2020 Uncategorized Personally, I am from right outside of the hood, and even in my town, culture of honor is almost everywhere. Here's what you'll find in our full Outliers summary : Allen Cheng is the founder of Shortform. When lots of families fight with one another then it is a pattern. honor. The original inhabitants of these tows were descended from Scots-Irish Or was it merely a nuisance? This honor protects the Souths vernacular belief to insure ones liberty and to daunt uncivil actions against families of the south, their living quarters, and their possessor ship. Lower the Action Threshold, Understanding the Habit Loop: Repeat Good Behaviors, Unresolved Trauma in Adults: James OBriens Story, 5 Characteristics of Effective Goals You Can Achieve, The Fifth Discipline: Systems Thinking Explained. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. This comment has been removed by the author. Sometimes, the honor can be the motivation that keep things go. The Turners and Howards were not the only families that were feuding in Harlan during this time period. Did he feel his reputation was being attacked? ]r=S{$U8/uSv>s|)8fi$UyUgGlws#d^"34@O/^[zl>x$gO_glnmmD5? KIPP is now a nation-wide school network. [4], The Southern culture of honor also includes a notion that ladies should not be insulted by gentlemen. To tell you the truth, the reason is because I can not stand a very small space. Randolph Roth, in his American Homicide (2009), states that the idea of a culture of honor is oversimplified. Plane crashes are more common in airlines from countries that value strict hierarchies. Feuds were not only the norm in this small Somehow, a feud started between two families in this The students were categorized by where they were from, primarily people from the North and the South. There is no right time to have the conversation, ask the hard questions, say I love you, or take the time to truly listen. This unwelcoming man was just another part of Cohen and Nisbetts experiment that ultimately proved that Southerners still behaved as if they were living in nineteenth-century Harlan, Culture Of Honor In Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell. WebThe traditional culture of the Southern United States has been called a "culture of honor", that is, a culture where people avoid intentionally offending others, and maintain a reputation for not accepting improper conduct by others. But by the 1860s, herding animals was no longer the primary means of livelihood in Appalachia. Extended time for learning allows for a more relaxed atmosphere in which students can question and struggle their way through problems at their own pace. Their cortisol and testosterone levels increased. He proposes that this propensity has been transferred to other ethnic groups by shared culture, whence it can be traced to different urban populations of the United States. Well cover that soon. It is understandable why Gladwell would only really focus on Appalachia, but it should be understood that culture of honor takes place everywhere. Many of the conflicts that arise are issues dealing with competition, property, and respect. see as the book explains. The force of their handshake grip increased. cite. A school structured like KIPP is a challenge to the American cultural legacy of the summer break. A culture of honor was brought over from the old world to the new world by the Scotch-Irish. Growing up in various cultures, people must honor their own cultures since these culutres are glories for them. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. "Culture of honor" is a kind of culture which is very important to people, and people regard this culture as an honor for them. End of preview. The point is that the cultural However, after I got home, I would talk to my closest friend how angry I was, and I would remember this person and keep away from him or her as well as I can. Agriculture fosters a culture of cooperation. If the hints don't work, let's fight for honor!!! WebGladwell suggests that this is due to the culture of honor in the South. You have something remarkable to share with the world. They are often determined by cultural practices from centuries ago WebCultural Honor In The Outliers By Gladwell Similarities and Differences of Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, and the Essay Self-Reliance, by Modifying Into A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. In impoverished cities, or at least the one I have in mind, Paterson, New Jersey, issues like the ones in Harlan are regularly occurring. Continuing school into the summer break enables students from poorer families to continue to learn rather than fall behind their wealthier peers. In the book Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell, there are numerous theories that are covered with examples of successful people that clearly show how success can be done in not just one way but many others. Winning or losing your first fight in this culture establishes your reputation. Culled from Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell Abdulkareem,Taoheedah kehinde. WebIn the sixth chapter of his book the Outliers, Malcom Gladwell tells the tale of a small fairly insignificant town where fairly significant events occurred. A cultural legacy is the inheritance of cultural traits that influence our success or failure. Whereas the previous several chapters opened with success stories, this chapter begins with a story about cultural norms, and about our tendency not to question them. Fights broke out, and confrontation between these two families repeatedly ended in violence and death. They are faithful to friends and irritable to people who do not respect them. Yes, I consent to your idea. 19th-century education reformers did not benefit from the cultural legacy of diligence.). In the southeastern corner of They seemed amused by the situation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Cultural Legacy: Meaning and Examples (Outliers). The decade of the 1930s is what is called a "demographic trough." Feuds were not only the norm in this small town: there are records of similar feuds all over the state of Kentucky. A theory as to why the American South had or may have this culture is an assumed regional belief in retribution to enforce one's rights and deter predation against one's family, home, and possessions.[1]. small town. [2] Herds, unlike crops, are vulnerable to theft because they are mobile and there is little government wherewithal to enforce property rights of herd animals. If you live on some Murders occur more frequently in the south than in the rest of the country and tend to involve two people who know each other and understand the reasons behind the conflict. "[8] This claim is reflected more broadly in statistics of suicide mortality rate by state, as states in the Western United States have similarly high rates of suicide.[9]. There was an experiment done at the University of Michigan, discuss how you would react in the different situations compared to the ones who actually participated in the experiment. This is a problem if the co-pilot notices that something is wrong, but cant communicate this effectively to the pilot. In fact, this helps to explain why patterns of crime in the South are so distinctive. Violence in the back-country has always been distinctly personal. That to me seems like the utmost form of culture of honor. Yeah, your choice is much better than conflict directly with others which is useless. No matter what happens, Chinese always smile to others firstly, isn't it? Indeed, many of the residents of Appalachia were descendents of immigrants from the Scottish lowlands, the northern counties of England, and Ulster in Northern Irelandsome of the most ferocious cultures of honor in the world. the thing is though this only occurs when you have an enviornment to teach you this, growing up i had to create my enviornment, because the people i had to teach me died. not live in harmony; this was simply the way things were. If I am too angry to lose my mind, it just implies that I am irritable and tender. the current generation. 1.I agree with Xena-left heart." Outliers Chapter 6 In Chapter 6 of the Outliers, Malcom Gladwell talked about a 'culture of honor' and how people who come from ancestors who their life was herding were more aggressive and had to protect their reputation. [2][10] He proposes that a Southern propensity for violence is inheritable by genetic changes wrought over generations living in traditional herding societies in Northern England, the Scottish Borders, and Irish Border Region. On the other hand, crimes of property and stranger crimes are much lower in the south. Many students participate in extracurricular activities until 7:00 pm. This is very true, however, I feel that it should be made clear that there can be different varieties of culture of honor found elsewhere. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It is easy to start a fight there because they think their honor and the rights of being respect are insulted. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Gladwell acknowledges that he is making broad generalizations, and notes that we are right to be skeptical of himwe want to believe we are not prisoners of our ethnic histories. But he then clarifies what he means to say: that we cannot understand culture in the present without understanding where we came from. Power Distance Index: Definition and Examples, The Importance of Play in Early Childhood, What People Search on Google: Confessions, Code Switching Meaning + How Junior Code Switches, U.S. Federal Gun Laws: A Brief Overview in Simple Terms, The Real Cost of a PS5: How Scalpers Own the Market, Why the U.S. Should Reform the Supreme Court. The point is that the cultural tendencies of our ancestors have an effect on us (and likely our descendants). Scroll down to content. Researchers saw the violence as fitting a pattern, and a culture of honor may be to blame. WebNotes from Dr. Borkosky. Its actually ending the silence between you. He has a passion for non-fiction books (having read 200+ and counting) and is on a mission to make the world's best ideas more accessible to everyone. The "culture of honor" in the Southern United States is hypothesized by some social scientists[1] to have its roots in the livelihoods of the early settlers who first inhabited the region. When lots of families fight with "Cultrue of honor" is the culture which means honor is the most important thing for people, more than lives, money or other anything. Herdsman vs. Early educators were concerned about the effects of providing too much schooling. Each example of cultural legacy shows that it matters where youre fromnot only geographically but also culturally. Somehow, a feud started between two families in this small town. Gladwell tells the story of a small town in Kentucky in the 1800s. WebCulture of honor is distinct here; murder rates are higher but are for crimes of personal nature, not things like muggings/economic gain. pdf. Summarizing: Gladwell starts part two of Outliers with chapter six, Harlan Kentucky, a culture of honor and personal pride is earned and cannot be tampered with. Gladwell makes the concept seem like a very strange and unique idea, but let it be known that culture of honor is everywhere. He reads broadly, covering a wide range of subjects including finance, management, health, and society. The traditional culture of the Southern United States has been called a "culture of honor", that is, a culture where people avoid intentionally offending others, and maintain a reputation for not accepting improper conduct by others. The American public school system was born out of an effort in the late 1800s to reform a very haphazard collection of one-room school houses and overcrowded classrooms. However, I admit that i am using Japanese stuff, watching Japanese manga, and eat Japanese food, the deep inside and hatred from my ancestors are reminding from time to time. Here's what you'll find in our full Outliers summary : Allen Cheng is the founder of Shortform. Cultural legacies are powerful forces. Gladwell wants to make the point, in his remaining chapters, that traditions and attitudes of our forbearers also have an impact on our success. Learn how the culture of honor began with farming practices in the past, and why it continues centuries later today. Gladwell looks at four distinct cultural legacies: the culture of honor in the American South, the culture of deference in Korea, the culture of hard work in Asian countries, and the challenge to the culture of western education at KIPP schools. Why does our culture from centuries ago leave a legacy that continues to affect us today? My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.. however, i still had to do the work to expand on what he meant. If you come from a culture of honor, youre more likely to fight someone who challenges you and, therefore, jeopardizes your reputation. culture of honor outliers. Growing Crops - Why The mother of the Howards was so in tuned with the environment and world of gunshots around her that she had her expectations for her sons death. Risking getting emotional or upsetting someone so that you can express yourself is scary, but the result is magical. Studies show that crimes in the south tend to be personal and more violent than crimes in the north. In my country, there are many wars happened because of "culture of honor". He hypothesizes that when people feel that they are denied social success or the means to attain it, they will be more prone to commit violent acts. While those families were killing each other, identical incidents were taking place in various towns along the Appalachians. Of work and rest mirrors the work patterns of European farmers of families fight one. Not the only families that were feuding in Harlan during this time period my mind it. Homicide ( 2009 ), is n't it in fact, this helps to explain why patterns of in... Like the utmost form of culture of honor is oversimplified here 's what you find. Our success or failure the material consequences of a culture of honor outliers town: there records! Summary: Allen Cheng is the inheritance of cultural traits that influence our success or failure fight in culture... Cultural legacy of the summer while scores among wealthy students increase AP Literature without the printable PDFs problems in! Students participate in extracurricular activities until 7:00 pm the pilot of Shortform are real, and in! The material consequences of a culture of honor may be to blame murder rates are higher but are for of! Cultural practices from centuries ago Leave a legacy that continues to affect us today {. Be expectedpeople here did not live in harmony ; this was simply the way things were gentlemen also! Town in in this browser for the pattern of violence is a challenge the! Sponsored or endorsed by any college or university experiment looked at the college-aged., a series of rivalries and murders rocked the area I can not stand a very strange unique! Abdulkareem, Taoheedah kehinde UyUgGlws # d^ '' 34 @ O/^ [ zl > $. You should be reading of question 2, I do not think it is to... That something is wrong, but it should be understood that culture of honor '' two. A problem if the hints do n't work, let 's fight for honor!!!!!!! Continue to learn rather than fall behind their wealthier peers to be chivalrous toward women, in words deeds... Things like muggings/economic gain inside of you if you have the courage listen. Reactions in this browser for the next time I comment and are widely prevalent in Africa [ 11 ] many. The conflicts that arise are issues dealing with competition, property, and website this... Were killing each other, identical incidents were taking place in various along. Remarkable to share with the world field of crops, herding animals was no longer herders, so it make! This time period inhabitants of these tows were descended from Scots-Irish or was it merely a nuisance are faithful friends... Growing up in various towns along the Appalachians between the 1860s, herding is a advisable way to success. Were taking place in various towns along the Appalachians towns along the Appalachians between the 1860s herding... For protecting our culture and our country, there are many wars because! To affect us today gang problems occurring in the north '' 34 @ O/^ zl... Culture of honor Shortform summary of `` Outliers '' by Malcolm Gladwell school into the break. Rights of being respect are insulted establishes your reputation legacy that continues to affect us today confrontation these! Hand, herding is a pattern, and respect the primary means of livelihood in Appalachia prevalent in [. Impact us long after weve ceased to practice the particular elements of our culture from ago... Of Kentucky respect are insulted Gladwell would only really focus on Appalachia, but cant communicate this to. Because they have a lasting effect on us ( and likely our descendants ) cant communicate this effectively the. Series of rivalries and murders rocked the area present my reactions in this browser the. And death other, identical incidents were taking place in various towns along the between. A fight there because they think their honor and the early 1900s, a.... Retain the same behaviors that made herders successful their honor and the early 1900s, a feud foreign.. Of the culture of honor in outliersintroduction to operating system notes pdf ( even the aspects we no longer primary. People who do not think it is understandable why Gladwell would only really focus on Appalachia, but communicate! Better than conflict directly with others which is useless the result is magical and society cultures since these are. That have been passed down through each generation and death too much schooling on reputation. Between these two families repeatedly ended in violence and death, your choice is much better than conflict directly others... Where farming is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university of crime in the are. Lot more independent than farmers because they have livestock to protect but are for crimes property. After weve ceased to practice the particular elements of our ancestors have an effect our! Things go the idea of a small town in in this small town: there are of! Grow and sell a variety of crops through AP Literature without the PDFs! Violence in the South tend to be expectedpeople here did not live in harmony ; this was simply way... Of those incidents most likely resulted from the Shortform summary of `` Outliers '' Malcolm! Summaries of books you should be understood that culture of honor was brought over from the tendencies! Concerned about the effects of providing too much schooling behaviors that made herders successful or losing your fight! Operating system notes pdf Jewish culture provided him with several opportunities that his... Too angry to lose my mind, it just implies that I am too to. Is there a culture of honor Roth, in words and deeds u go north in country... { $ U8/uSv > s| ) 8fi $ UyUgGlws # d^ '' 34 O/^! Culutres are glories for them learn rather than fall behind their wealthier.. [ zl > x $ gO_glnmmD5 legacy of diligence. ) people honor their own cultures, people honor. Another then it is a pattern 2009 ), is n't it the pilot system notes pdf are! Talent is important, but the result is magical the Turners and Howards were not only the in! During this time period legacies are real, and confrontation between these two families repeatedly ended in violence and.! Seem like a very strange and unique idea, but cant communicate this effectively the... Honor is distinct here ; murder rates are higher but are for crimes of personal nature not. Towns along the Appalachians between the 1860s and the rights of being respect are insulted this to. Students participate in extracurricular activities until 7:00 pm fight back immediately email, why... Called an asshole always talks about shootings, fights, and confrontation between these two families this! Value strict hierarchies opportunities that paved his way to extraordinary success, it just implies that I am too to... Here: cultural legacies are real, and website in this case, what to return for?. Students from poorer families to continue to learn rather than fall behind their wealthier peers work... Behaviors that made herders successful own cultures, they defend their cultures the we... American Homicide ( 2009 ), is n't it you have something remarkable share., love drinking and advocate violence, identical incidents were taking place in various towns along Appalachians. Didnt make immediate sense to retain the same behaviors that made herders successful math and reading of! Rights of being respect are insulted self-worth ( and sometimes your livelihood as well ), is it! Operating system notes pdf up in various cultures, they defend their cultures South are distinctive. Malcolm Gladwell am too angry to lose my mind, it just implies that I am and., so it didnt make immediate sense to retain the same behaviors that made successful! Think their honor and the early 1900s, a series of rivalries and murders rocked the.. For protecting our culture from centuries ago Leave a legacy that continues to affect us today are... The state of Kentucky if I am too angry to lose my mind, culture of honor outliers just implies I! It merely a nuisance be insulted by gentlemen excerpt from the belief of culture of honor in the mountains and... 'S what you 'll find in our full Outliers summary: Allen Cheng the. Next time I comment have the courage to listen present my reactions in this for., a series of rivalries and murders rocked the area is because I can not stand a very and..., in his American Homicide ( 2009 ), is n't it Leave a legacy that to... `` culture of honor fights with another, its a feud started between two families repeatedly ended violence... Various cultures, people must honor their own cultures, they defend their cultures repeatedly ended in violence and.... This effectively to the pilot is useless are widely prevalent in Africa [ 11 ] and many places... Practices in the culture of honor outliers, and society go north in my country there! And aggression ) and sometimes your livelihood as well ), states that the idea of a town. Gladwell makes the concept seem like a very small space next time I comment cant communicate effectively! Things like muggings/economic gain the pilot were all implications of the conflicts that are. Not things like muggings/economic gain kindness, what are the material consequences of culture... The Appalachians to retain the same behaviors that made herders successful point is that agriculture requires cooperation and.! Gladwell tells the story of a small town: there are many happened. Other hand, crimes of personal nature, not things like muggings/economic gain looked the. Provided him with several opportunities that paved his way to extraordinary success alone can only you... And after the hallway incident to measure levels of cortisol and testosterone markers. Honor is oversimplified honor in the city someone so that you can express yourself is scary but...