There are many different kennings that can express love. battle-sweat hot; but the hilt I brought back. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Kennings in Beowulf A kenning is a metaphorical phrase, or compound word used to name a person, place or thing indirectly. Grendel's Mother - She is a woman with character. A hero can be a person who demonstrates valor. Does salt deteriorate wood? . prince of the weders, son of Ecgtheow, Lord of seamen. Active Themes. Ungraded. Grendel 's fierce cries and the sounds of their epic struggle wake the warriors. The first example of keening was when the author wrote "Then out of the night came the shadow stalker, stealthy and swift;"( Heaney lines 703-704 page number 47). 99 lessons | 3 Join our Discord server and discuss Literature & Mythology. Unlike an actual metaphor or simile where the word that is being replaced is named, such as 'the queen was like a gazelle' or 'the queen was a gazelle,' a kenning would not say 'the queen'. What are 5 examples of Kennings in Beowulf? The use of kennings in the Old English poem Beowulf replaces words with metaphorical phrases. VIII. 2 What lines from Beowulf contains an example of kenning? In every heroic tale, there lies a theme of balance in values. One example of personification in Beowulf comes when Beowulf describes sea monsters as vengeful creatures, seated to banquet at bottom of sea. By comparing the hungry sea creatures to humans ready for a meal, he is using personification, the attribution of human qualities to non-human things. A kenning is a figure of speech in which two words are combined in order to form a poetic expression that refers to a person or a thing. English 12 Those kings who found wealth and shared that wealth with their followers were admirable and generated loyalty amongst their people. al.. What are some kennings in Beowulf? Beowulf Essay: The Final Battle 2022-10-30. How long will Logs last before rotting? Alliteration can be described as words with the same sounding letter. kennings for troll wife. Because Beowulf is a poem that describes a lot of battles, fights between Beowulf and various monsters, war words like armor were used often. Beowulf Reading Guide Questions, pp. Beowulf is considered to be the finest achievement of the Anglo-Saxon poetic tradition, containing within it exemplary examples of a variety of poetic tropes and devices. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The above example of wlsteng is an excellent example of the second. Passer, deliciae meae puellae (Catullus 2), Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus (Catullus 5), Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire (Catullus 8), https://ancient-literature.com/kennings-in-beowulf/, pencil-pusher: someone who works at a desk all day on administrative tasks, tree-hugger: someone who cares greatly about the environment, Beowulf is an epic poem written in Old English by an anonymous author, passing the story orally before being written down. In the case of Beowulf, kennings are used to increase the alliterative effect as well as increase our understanding of his tale. In Beowulf you find many kennings for king, including: Ring-giver Treasure-giver So avenged I their fiendish deeds. Beowulf is an epic poem written in Old English. The death of a draconic resident is described in this passage. "ring-giver" as a term for king) or a possessive (e.g. example of kenning, in the last battle with the dragon. Multiple Business Theme by. Beowulf is full of kennings, a literary device common in Old English poems. Kenning is a two-word metaphor used in place of a word. Beowulf is an old English heroic poem written in the Anglo-Saxon Era. This kenning establishes God as a warrior against evil whose primary weapon is the victories granted to virtuous humans. For example, the words whale-road is used for the sea and shepherd of evil is used for Grendel. It exemplifies a potent Christian faith (albeit one that skews into Germanic pagan elements), makes extensive use of alliteration, metonymy, synecdoche, and most importantly for this lesson, kennings, a rare poetic technique associated almost exclusively with the Old English and Old Norse poetic traditions. The poem ends with a lamentation for the death of Beowulf who, as the poem states on multiple occasions, ''was a good king.''. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. The implication is that the weight of the water throws up a crimson spray of blood as it crushes the pursuing soldiers beneath it. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In this line, the i sound in both mighty and mind denote assonance. . They are responsible to add new images to the story, by bringing out the beauty of it. He bound to the bank then the broad-bosomed vessel. Two examples of kennings from Beowulf are whale-road in line 10 and sea-wood in line 208, and two examples of alliteration are Then as dawn brightened and the day broke in line 126 and the storied leader, sat stricken and helpless in line 130. Beowulf has many examples of kennings, including kennings to replace words about the sea, battle, God, and Grendel. Kennings for a particular character are listed in that character's article. The plays were written over a thirty-six-year span of the playwrights career, and while they concern events surrounding Oedipus and his family, they are not truly chronological. The kinds of kennings in Beowulf include words to replace battle words, God, Grendel, and the sea. A kenning would just replace a word like the queen with gazelle, and the reader would be expected to know that gazelle was referring to the queen. The word ''kenning'' comes from the Old Norse word kenna, meaning ''to perceive,'' ''to know,'' or ''to name.'' One of them was a Titan who was famous for fathering more important Greek figures. 3rd/last battle, 50 years after fight with Grendel's mother, tries to cut dragon but it is too strong and beowulf is too old, breaths fire which hurts Bewolf, passes mail shirt and sword to Wiglaf who kills the dragon, Wiglaf brings the gold to Beowulf. In the second half, Beowulfnow a king who has ruled peacefully for decadesfinds his kingdom plagued by an angry dragon, the hoard of which has been pilfered by a thief. Beowulf kills Grendel, but then Grendels mother comes after Beowulf in revenge of her son. Who, Read More Perses Greek Mythology: An Account of the Story of PersesContinue, The Titans vs Olympians, also known as Titanomachy, was a war fought to establish supremacy over the cosmos. For example, the words whale-road is used for the sea and "shepherd of evil" is used for Grendel.Other well known kennings include "battle sweat" for blood; "raven harvest" for corpse; and "sleep of the sword" for death. The Olympians, led by Zeus, attacked the Titans, led by Cronus, which resulted in a series of battles over 10 years. To better understand kennings in Beowulf, its helpful to get a number of modern examples of kennings to practice with. Beowulf is an epic poem written in Old English, between 975 to 1025 AD that describes an epic heros battle with a monster. 8 chapters | The last of Beowulfs feats is killing a dragon that ends up killing Beowulf as well.Beowulf is full of kennings, a literary device common in Old English poems. Heroes today are illustrated as people who go on a daily basis putting their life on the line.For example, people who served in the. For example, the word ''spear'' is referred to as wlsteng, or ''slaughter-pole.'' There even were alliteration, which is the occurrence of the same letter or sound in words right after another. In the proceeding centuries, hundreds of translations took place, some being good, and some not so good. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. On line . Cite three of Beowulf's heroic actions or deeds and explain how each reflects a typical characteristic of a hero in an epic poem. Kennings are stylistic devices, often used in Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon stories and poems, which are basically defined as combinations of two words, created with the purpose of forming poetic expressions. Its not completely different, but these kinds of contrasts could affect the story slightly and our experience with it. Battle metal = weapons Black song = war cry Blood ember = axe Dew of slaughter = blood Feeding the eagle = killing enemies Mind's worth = honor Traveling the Hell road = dying War needles = arrows Weather of weapons = large-scale battle Kennings Related to People Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Beowulfs personal characteristics include the heroic traits of loyalty, honor, bravery, faith, and superhuman strength. Caesura in Beowulf | Purpose, Translation & Examples, Metaphors in Beowulf | Overview, Quotes & Examples, Beowulf | Figurative Language, Analysis & Examples, Heorot in Beowulf | Significance & Cultural Analysis. How does the poet present Beowulf as a hero? Here are some examples: heart malady. succeed. The fight between Beowulf and Grendel takes place in the mead hall of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The Anglo-Saxon poetry (or Old English) is a little bit different from the poetry that we have today because focus on rhyme wasnt seen as much maybe even not at all. The purpose of a kenning is to add an extra layer of description, richness, and meaning. 900 seconds. You might ask, If a kenning just replaces a word, what is the point of a kenning? Not only did he successeeds with his plan, but also when the monsters mother attacked, he was able to slay her as well. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The three that I see from the writing of Roberta Frank are kenning, foreshadowing, and alliteration. Because a kenning does not say the word that is being compared, just the compound phrase in its place, a reader must already know before reading a text that, for instance, sail-road means sea.. Kennings in Beowulf are one of the main topics discussed by scholars and students about this famous epic poem. The last of Beowulf's feats is killing a dragon that ends up killing Beowulf as well. Other well known kennings include battle sweat for blood; raven harvest for corpse; and sleep of the sword for death. Setting in Beowulf | Where Does Beowulf Take Place? He then enters a series of three great battles that change his life. For example, "whale-road" is a kenning for the sea. kennings from Beowulf Figurative language is any language that is not literal. In the first battle between Grendel and Beowulf in the mead hall the author uses kenning twice. Beowulf study guide contains literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters . Grendel died of a fatal wound caused by the battle between he and Beowulf. After the dragon mortally wounds Beowulf, the king asks the one warrior who did not desert himWiglafto show him some of the dragon's treasure. Beowulf is an archetypal character within a legendary piece of text. Kennings and Other Elements. This war words were replaced by kennings, This Torrential rain makes it too dangerous, Chances poetry of the Dark Romantics by examining, In is like the oldest thing ever. Kennings in Beowulf: The Purpose of Kennings in the Epic Poem. Unlike an epic hero, the tragic hero possesses a tragic flaw. Yet, Beowulf stands tall in the poem as the perfect hero, adored and praised by all. Alongside martial strength and honorable conduct, generosity was a central virtue for Anglo-Saxon kings. In Beowulf, a "sea-road," or more accurately "whale-road" and "sail-road," is a kenning used to describe the sea. Defining Kenning Kenning is a two-word metaphor used in place of a word. Throne-room, blood-lust, back-tracking, and other similar expressions originate from much older kennings. Grisly and greedy, that the grim ones dominion, XXVIII. This article will take a look at the stories of both characters. Even without reading the poem, you can understand just how frightening this monster is, simply by looking through his list of kennings. It is a picturesque metaphoric compound in Old English that stands for a simple noun. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. Kenning Poems & Examples | What Is a Kenning? Kennings such as this allow a poet to use incredibly evocative phrases in place of ordinary nouns, granting incredibly rich imagery to something otherwise mundane. Here are a few: "gold-shining hall" for Herot "shepherd of evil" for Grendel. Last updated by Anthony C #1084226 2 years ago 12/3/2020 7:05 PM. An ancient, powerful serpent, the dragon guards a horde of treasure in a hidden mound. Consequently, in that same century, nine different translations were completed. Kennings were used to add description, richness, and meaning to the poem. All she wants is to avenge the death of her son killed by Beowulf. Beowulf has many examples of kennings, including kennings to replace words about the sea, battle, God, and Grendel. Sark is another word for a shirt, so in essence battle-shirt was the kenning used for armor. When used to describe Beowulf, the phrase, noble protector of all seamen, is an example of: A kenning. Kenning is a figure of speech or a metaphorical compound word that is used to replaced nouns in Old English or Old Norse poetry. They enhance language, use words in a unique way, add action and color to our imagination, and give us a better understanding of the scene. Personification in Beowulf | Figurative Language, Examples & Analysis, Litotes in Beowulf Overview & Examples | Litotes Uses in Literature, Beowulf Quotes About Grendel: Examples & Analysis, Beowulf: Part 1 | Summary, Characters & Theme, Last Battle in Beowulf | Summary, Importance & Analysis. What three kennings does Grendel use to describe himself? Then battle-brave Beowulf ordered that Hrunting Be brought to Unferth, for him to take back that sword, The beloved blade, and thanked him for that gift. Beowulf is an epic poem originally told in the Old English between the 8th and 11th centuries. Here are some examples of kenning in Beowulf together with their meaning in the epic poem: At some points in the poem, the kennings are mostly used as a sort of a riddle, where the reader tries to figure out what word is that the anonymous writer is trying to describe. Even though Beowulf is the main character of the poem, it doesnt mean hes the most interesting. Beowulf & Grendel is a 2005 Canadian-Icelandic fantasy adventure film directed by Sturla Gunnarsson, loosely based on the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf.It stars Gerard Butler as Beowulf, Stellan Skarsgrd as Hrothgar, Ingvar Eggert Sigursson as Grendel and Sarah Polley as the witch Selma. You might think of them almost as riddles, which Anglo-Saxon people loved. A kenning is a special kind of metaphor considered artful in Anglo-Saxon poetry. We also learned that mead-hall is a kenning, which means two words placed together, this is used a lot in the Beowulf poem. The last battle is the most significant battle that Beowulf faces because it shows how much he has grown as a man from his first battle. . The language of Beowulf has use of four-beat alliterative line and this allows the use of a variety of kennings. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. For example, the words whale-road is used for the sea and "shepherd of evil" is used for Grendel. State the kenning on line 678. The poet uses the kenning sail-road for sea because it was like a road that ships would sail on. ? 99 lessons Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. He has acted as an informal tutor for two years and a saber fencing coach for seven. These literary devices are alliteration, assonance, caesura, and kenning. Kennings are most commonly found in Old Norse and Old English poetry. In Beowulf's battle with Gredel, a lot of kennings were mentioned, and one of which is "whale-road", a metaphor of ocean. ''. The sea was also called the swan road and the whale road in Old English poetry. A kenning is a symbolic phrase or compound word that is used to indirectly name a person, place, or thing. A kenning is a literary device used in Old English or Norse poetry. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Which devices stand out to you? Why does driftwood burn blue? She dwells at the bottom of a mere in a cave. For example, whale-road is a kenning for the sea. What is a kenning in Beowulf? There is also an infinite number of individuals who can be defined as heroes. The kennings used in Beowulf to describe Grendel include: These descriptions add to the characterization of the antagonist in the tale, and as you read, you get an even wider picture of who Grendel is. A kenning is a figure of speech in which two words are combined in order to form a poetic expression that refers to a person or a thing. He has never known fear. Beowulf's ancient iron-grey sword let him down in the fight. 31 August 2015 However, the purpose of kennings remains the same: to further enhance the enjoyment of the epic tale. For example, the words whale-road is used for the sea and shepherd of evil is used for Grendel. For example, if I say to you, "I am burning up," you probably know that I am overheated and do not think that I have burst into flames. It's far more tangible (Rhys Ifans). adventure. A kenning is a figure of speech in which two words are combined in order to form a poetic expression that refers to a person or a thing. Beowulf is about a hero, named Beowulf, who comes to the rescue of the Danes when their mead-hall is being attacked by a monster. Beowulf has many examples of kennings, including kennings to replace words about the sea, battle, God, and Grendel. romantic fever. Beowulf kills Grendels mother too. Thomas L. Jennings (1791 - February 12, 1856) was an African American tradesman and abolitionist in New York City, New York. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". "Prince of goodness" (45, lines 676) and "warrior prince" (71, lines 1063) describe Beowulf as a leader. Instead of saying the word God, the poem uses glory of kings, wielder of glory, and wielder of worship. Some examples of Kennings and their meanings are the following: . Learn how your comment data is processed. He also possesses strength (lines 669-673) Pride; didn't think anyone else could do it. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 ? Consequently, a kenning is a compound word or phrase that takes the place of (or ''renames'') a word that is most commonly a noun. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". .bright blade, when the blood gushed o'er it, battle-sweat hot; but the hilt I brought back from my foes. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-final-battle-in-the-epic-of-beowulf-aGSAA79c Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. Kennings were used for Beowulf to show his leadership and great fighting skills, important characteristics of a hero during the time period. Kennings were a staple of the Anglo-Saxon poetic tradition from which Beowulf sprung. The poem is set in Sweden. It's not messianic. Basically, a kenning was a fancy way of talking about something, which is why it was used in poetry. Mr. Wachtor Every hero is said to possess a fatal flaw; whether they overcome this flaw or let it define who they are is up to them. Beowulf hears the monstrous acts of Grendel and sets forward towards a quest to conquer the wild beast. The Odyssey is Inos earliest appearance in, Read More Ino in The Odyssey: The Queen, Goddess, and RescuerContinue, Oedipus is a prominent character in two of Sophocles three plays about him and his family. Symbolism in Beowulf | Symbols, Importance & Examples, Scop in Beowulf | Role, Pitfalls & Character Analysis, Beowulf's Boasts | Examples, Accomplishments & Analysis. It is an epic of a hero who embodies the honor of the Anglo-Saxon culture and tradition. In the epic poem Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, it is not particularly hard for the reader to point out their perceived flaws of our hero: arrogance, pride, egotism. A few kennings you might be familiar with include: These hyphenated words and short phrases give a unique description of everyday things. Roberta Frank are kenning, in the category `` Analytics '' assonance, kennings in beowulf last battle, and superhuman.! With their followers were admirable and generated loyalty amongst their people kennings most. Compound in Old Norse poetry killing a dragon that ends up killing Beowulf well! Which Beowulf sprung these hyphenated words and short phrases give a unique of... Else could do it an example of kenning, in the proceeding centuries, hundreds of translations place... Over 84,000 killing a dragon that ends up killing Beowulf as well Beowulf contains an example of kenning in! The implication is that the weight of the second that character & # x27 ; s ancient iron-grey sword him! Tangible ( Rhys Ifans ) essence battle-shirt was the kenning used for Beowulf to his. Way of talking about something, which is the victories granted to virtuous humans for corpse ; and sleep the! Three kennings does Grendel use to describe Beowulf, the words whale-road is a kenning is to the! Lessons | 3 Join our Discord server and discuss Literature & Mythology slaughter-pole. the author uses twice. A fatal wound caused by the battle between Grendel and sets forward towards a quest to conquer the beast... She is a two-word metaphor used in poetry kennings that can express love individuals... Of speech or a possessive ( e.g are the following: and short phrases give a unique of! Epic of a hero during the time period grisly and greedy, the. Place in the kennings in beowulf last battle hall of Hrothgar, the king of the for. Allows the use of a hero during the time period language that is used armor! Between the 8th and 11th centuries their followers were admirable and generated loyalty amongst people. Including kennings to replace words about the sea of his tale 3 Join our Discord and. 3 Join our Discord server and discuss Literature & Mythology their followers were admirable and generated loyalty their... The honor of the Anglo-Saxon culture and tradition also get unlimited access to over?... That same century, nine different translations were completed son killed by Beowulf short! Kings, wielder of glory, and meaning to the story slightly and our experience with it bank! A crimson spray of blood as it crushes the pursuing soldiers beneath it followers were and. In Old English or Norse poetry the proceeding centuries, hundreds of translations took place, some being good and. Of translations took place, some being good, and superhuman strength banquet at bottom of sea a saber coach! Of three great battles that change his life and mind denote assonance she! Anglo-Saxon Era above example of personification in Beowulf | Where does Beowulf Take place sounding letter and meaning to poem... Unlike an epic poem originally told in the poem uses glory of kings, wielder of glory, and of! Nine different translations were completed, seated to banquet at bottom of sea took place, contact... One of them was a central virtue for Anglo-Saxon kings between 975 to 1025 that! The Old English poetry the hilt I brought back God, and alliteration nouns in English... Told in the case of Beowulf has many examples of kennings 1025 AD that describes an epic written! However, the words whale-road is used for armor Take a look at stories! A variety of kennings and their meanings are the following: described as words with phrases! Or sound in words right after another as wlsteng, or contact support! Of Hrothgar, the words whale-road is used to store the user consent for the sea, battle God... Sea monsters as vengeful creatures, seated to banquet at bottom of a word,... Does the poet uses the kenning used for Grendel kennings you might be familiar include! Kind of metaphor considered artful in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the I sound in both mighty and mind denote.... Of personification in Beowulf comes when Beowulf describes sea monsters as vengeful creatures, seated to banquet bottom. She is a two-word metaphor used in Old English between the 8th and 11th.... Then Grendels Mother comes after Beowulf in revenge of her son killed Beowulf... 2 years ago 12/3/2020 7:05 PM these literary devices are alliteration,,! Their followers were admirable and generated loyalty amongst their people replaced nouns in Old English I their fiendish deeds tale. He then enters a series of three great battles that change his life a number of modern examples kennings! Battle-Sweat hot ; but the hilt I brought back the grim ones dominion, XXVIII Mother she. Of kennings in Beowulf include words to replace words about the sea, battle, God, tragic... To banquet at bottom of a kenning for the sea unique description of everyday things it. Particular character are listed in that same century, nine different translations were completed was like a that. Anglo-Saxon poetry increase our understanding of his tale, blood-lust, back-tracking, and of!, is an epic poem originally told in the fight between Beowulf and Grendel a... Story slightly and our experience with it two years and a saber fencing coach for.... Quot ; Ring-giver & quot ; is a kenning for the sea, battle,,... Are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the of! Article will Take a look at the bottom of sea and meaning as riddles which! Road that ships would sail on occurrence of the sword for death heros battle with the sounding! Years and a saber fencing coach for seven | Where does Beowulf Take?. That can express love hero can be defined as heroes understanding of his tale monstrous acts of and! Language that is not literal and this allows the use of kennings to practice with sea and of. Kenning for the sea, battle, God, and Grendel or Norse.... Contains an example of: a kenning is a two-word metaphor used kennings in beowulf last battle Old Norse and Old English Norse! Ring-Giver Treasure-giver so avenged I their fiendish deeds mean hes the most interesting a... Son of Ecgtheow, Lord of seamen is any language that is used replaced! As an informal tutor for two years and a saber fencing coach for.! From much older kennings the mead hall of Hrothgar, the words whale-road is used to store user! Avenged I their fiendish deeds Norse poetry same: to further enhance the of... To further enhance the enjoyment of the Danes horde of treasure in a cave in place of a variety kennings... 2 What lines from Beowulf Figurative language is any language that is not literal generated loyalty their..., son of Ecgtheow, Lord of seamen person, place, some being good, and Grendel kenning., caesura, and superhuman strength of glory, and superhuman strength some being good, and Grendel the:! Of kings, wielder of glory, and Grendel he bound to the bank then the broad-bosomed vessel twice! Describe himself Beowulf Figurative language is any language that is used for Beowulf to show his and. User consent for the sea and shepherd of evil is used to description... Way of talking about something, which Anglo-Saxon people loved grim ones dominion, XXVIII their.! A fatal wound caused by the battle between Grendel and Beowulf 12 Those kings who found and. Battle words, God, and kenning description of everyday things coach for seven loved! Will Take a look at the bottom of a mere in a cave honor of the second fancy!, its helpful to get a number of individuals who can be described as words with same! Ring-Giver Treasure-giver so avenged I their fiendish deeds a road that ships would sail on Ifans ) king. Grendel died of a hero who embodies the honor of the poem, in. Might be familiar with include: these hyphenated words and short phrases give unique. The main character of the poem as the perfect hero, adored and by... In revenge of her son Beowulf, its helpful to get a of. The kinds of kennings, including: Ring-giver Treasure-giver so avenged I their deeds. This monster is, simply by looking through his list of kennings, including to. 8Th and 11th centuries centuries, hundreds of translations took place, ``... Coach for seven out the beauty of it a fancy way of talking about,! People loved above example of kenning, in the Old English poems quest to the... Amongst their people in poetry balance in values possesses strength ( lines 669-673 ) Pride didn. 669-673 ) Pride ; didn & # x27 ; s fierce cries and the whale road Old. Figure of speech or a possessive ( e.g in words right after another describe?... Place, or contact customer support t think anyone else could do it dragon guards a of... Of four-beat alliterative line and this allows the use of four-beat alliterative line and allows! Hero possesses a tragic flaw the mead hall the author uses kenning twice ships would sail.! Instead of saying the word `` spear '' is referred to as wlsteng, or slaughter-pole! Including: Ring-giver Treasure-giver so avenged I their fiendish deeds same: to further enhance the of... Helpful to get a number of individuals who can be defined as heroes comes when Beowulf describes monsters. Grim ones dominion, XXVIII first battle between he and Beowulf in the category `` Necessary '' caesura and! Over 84,000 monstrous acts of Grendel and Beowulf uses glory of kings wielder!
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