John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. Pernoud, Rgine. ." John de Teye Via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Fitzalan%2C_Countess_of_Hereford#/media/File:Psalter_of_Mary_de_Bohun_and_Henry_Bolingbroke_1380-85_Abigail.jpg Public Domain, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. He was lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's absences in France. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France.[6]. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In the Bedford Book of Hours [5] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. He was born in 1389. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regentof Francefor his nephew Henry VI. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. . Bedford, of course, was held responsible by many of his peers for the losses in France. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. He was forced to raise the siege of Orleans in 1429 on account of the peasant girl. Information from its description page there is shown below. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. 29 p. 427-435. 16567. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Half brother of Edmund Labourde, "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. He became 3d marquess of Dorset on his father's death (1530), and in 1534 he married Frances,, A line of Catholic earls and dukes whose peerage dates back to the 11th century, when Ralph, a staller or constable of the court of Edward the Confes, Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st duke of (14841545). Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. He married Jacquette de Luxembourg (c1415-1472) 1433 JL Bedford was not as capable as his eldest brother Henry, but he was certainly an excellent commander and politician. When the French King was unable to raise an army, Jean spent his wealth to raise one for him. Her eldest child, Elizabeth Woodville, became Queen consort of England as the spouse of Edward IV in 1464. After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. [3], John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg.[4]. JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV, John of Lancaster began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. Family History Department. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. He became the Lord Protector during Johns long absences in France. Prince John first appears in 1 Henry IV where he fights for his father at the Battle of Shrewsbury. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted . He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Henry IVs second son was called Thomas but he was killed in 1421 at the Battle of Bauge in France. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 410 478 pixels. [S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. Historically, John was only fourteen at the time of the battle, but, considering that boys were put into battle at relatively young ages, it is possible that he may have at least been on the battlefield. London: Scott, Clevelands, Walthamstow, 1876), FHL book Q 929.242 Sco84sk., p. 170. Encyclopedia.com. Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. Not that this stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, 14. 2 p. 514, vol. Salt Lake City, Utah : Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1996), FHL film 1553977-1553985.. [S81] #125 The Royal Daughters of England and Their Representatives (1910-1911), Lane, Henry Murray, (2 voulmes. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. Bedford then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI in Paris. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. He dies while sitting in a chair at Rouen, just after he hears the patriotic screams of his fellow countrymen. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]), William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, http://www.hostkingdom.net/Languedoil.html#Normandy, http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET2.htm#John%20PLANTAGENET%20(1%BA%20D.%20Bedford), Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (left). The following pages on the English Wikipedia use this file (pages on other projects are not listed): (SVG file, nominally 410 478 pixels, file size: 806 KB). Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window). His wife died that year and, although he remarried the following year, he was clearly losing control of the situation in France. He had no legitimate surviving issue. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Add MS 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. 3 p. 726. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. He was born in 1389. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. Brenda Honeyman's novel Brother Bedford covers his life from Henry V's death to his own. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). In the Bedford Book of Hours [7] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Muse du Louvre". Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. Johns died at Rouen in 1435 during negations with the Burgundians who were breaking their alliance with the English to make a separate peace with the French. Today, a plaque marks its former location. Bedford achieved a significant victory in 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force. Posted on September 14, 2014 by JuliaH. . John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford or John of Lancaster (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) of the House of Lancaster An English nobleman of the House of Lancaster was the third son of Henry IV of England and Mary of Beauchamp, brother of Henry V of England and uncle of Henry VI of England. 1435 . Blanche Plantagenet, of Lancaster, England, Philippa of Lancaster, Princess of England, Queen of Denmark, Sweden & Norway, Birth of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. The play focuses on his role as the last English Regent of France. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. So when the Yorkists looked down their nose at Elizabeth Woodville, Jacquettas daughter and King Edward IVs wife, they were forgetting that she was the grand-daughter of a Count and that her mother had once been at the heart of the royal court albeit a Lancastrian one. By the late 1420's, however, the French, under the guidance of the new King Charles VII and a young girl named Joan of Arc, began to fight back furiously. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. Death of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford at R Burial of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. He died in 1435 at the age of forty-six at the siege of Rouen. [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. 1 p. 240, vol. John had his young nephew crowned King of France in Paris so that for a little while at least there were technically two kings of France at the same time, though it rather depended where you were as to which one you recognised in public. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. It is unlikely anyone else put in his station could have done any better. 189 related topics. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432. John, Duke of Lancaster led English armies against the Kingdom of Scotland while his brother fought the French in mainland Europe. Johns time in France had been successful the French might not have been his greatest admirers given his severe administration techniques- until about 1427 at which point a quiet country girl with a dodgy hair cut, a large sword and angels telling her what to do rather rained on his parade. Each of the brothers wanted more power than the other. In the Philippa Gregory novel, "Lady of the Rivers" John features as the first husband of main character, Jacquetta of Luxembourg. [S32] #150 [1879-1967] A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage, Together with Memoirs of the Privy Councillors and Knights (1879-1967), Burke, Sir John Bernard, (London: Harrison, 1879-1967), FHL book 942 D22bup., 1967 ed. In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). 25447, fol. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. John , duke of Bedford (13891435), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14844, accessed 1 Nov 2009]document.write(printCitationDate()). The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. Bedford then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI in Paris. [S108] #233 Dictionnaire de la noblesse, contenant les gnalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des familles nobles de la France . This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. In 1428, the French retook the city of Orleans, killing the English commander the Earl of Salisbury. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. He continued to build up his influence and position in government throughout the remainder of his father's reign. In any event it didnt do Joan much good. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. 3 p. 842. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. He was brought up in highly eloquent fashion like his other brothers and was well educated. Her eldest child, Elizabeth Woodville, became Queen consort of England as the spouse of Edward IV in 1464. JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Joans army took the Loire Valley and defeated the English after which she had King Charles VII of France crowned at Rheims which was against the treaty that the French had agreed to after Agincourt which saw King Henry V marry Katherine of Valois. He founded the University of Caen and had a collection of important religious manuscripts, many of which survive today including The Bedford Hours which is held by the British Library. . Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. 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