State and explain the factors that led to the development of trade along the East African Coast. A majority of his subjects were Sunnite Muslims, and for them he appointed a special judge. He depended heavily in his commercial ventures on Indian merchants, whose immigration he encouraged. Oman rule became very effective in the east African coast through Seyyid Said. [18], In 1886, the British government encouraged William Mackinnon, who already had an agreement with the Sultan and whose shipping company traded extensively in the African Great Lakes, to increase British influence in the region. From 1890 to 1913, traditional viziers were appointed to govern as puppets, switching to a system of British residents (effectively governors) from 1913 to 1963. The British gave Khalid an hour to vacate the Sultan's palace in Stone Town. At the same time, however, vestiges of the Omani Empire remained. The population of Muscat fell from 55,000 to 8,000 between the 1850s and 1870s. Highlight the negative effects of the Portuguese rule over the 200 years during which they administrated over the east African coast. The capital Muscat was taken by the Portuguese on 1 April 1515, and was held until 26 January 1650, although the Ottomans controlled Muscat between 15501551 and 15811588. Said III bin Taimur 10 February 1932 23 July 1970 Deposed 2343, S.R.O. As a result of this struggle, the empirethrough the mediation of the British Government under the Canning Awardwas divided in 1861 into two separate principalities: Zanzibar (with its East African dependencies), and Muscat and Oman. (od poniedziaku do pitku w godz. The rule of the Portuguese had positive as well as negative effects on the people of east African coast where their rule was established. A month later, Zanzibars President, Hussein Ali Mwinyi, agreed to launch a museum at a former Omani palace in Stone Town to celebrate Oman and Zanzibars mutual cultural heritage. However initially the imam, Name any three Portuguese individuals who led expeditions to capture the East Coast of Africa, Highlight the negative effects of the Portuguese rule over the 200 years during which they administrated over the East African coast, Briefly explain any six positive impacts of the 200 years Portuguese rule on the East African Coast, Highlight the functions of the captains during Portuguese rule in East African Coast, Outline reasons why Northern Kenya is experiencing food scarcity today, Outline methods used by Kenyan nationalists to fight for independence, State functions of the speaker of the county assembly in Kenya, Identify political factors which causes conflict in Kenya, State and explain the reasons for the coming of the Portuguese to the Coast of East Africa, State and explain the factors that led to the development of trade along the East African Coast. Since his accession in 1970, Sultan Qaboos has balanced tribal, regional, and ethnic interests in composing the national administration. View More History and Government Questions and Answers | Return to Questions Index, Seyyid Said made Zanzibar a commercial center for the whole of east Africa coast and revived the trade links with the interior and with local communities such as the Mijikenda and the Akamba. By the end of the 17th century, Zanzibar had become an integral component of the Omani Empire. As disparate as Oman and Zanzibars trajectories may seem, a shared history still informs their ties. The British responded the next day, August 26, 1896, by issuing an ultimatum to Khalid and his entourage to evacuate the palace by 9:00 a.m. on August 27. Hamoud was then peacefully installed as Sultan. That year, however, the Society for German Colonization forced local chiefs on the mainland to agree to German protection, prompting Sultan Bargash bin Said to protest. Sandwiched between these imperial celebrities, the little-known history of the Omani Empire has failed to pique the interest of popular culture or more than a handful of scholars. His interest in East Africa was not simply to gain increased tax revenue: it was primarily commercial. 1902 No. By 1842 the average annual import of slaves was reported as approximately 15,000, some doubtless necessitated by the development of the clove plantations. They were give the responsibility of collecting custom dues levied at each port. In mid-1974, the Bahrain branch of the PFLOAG was established as a separate organisation and the Omani branch changed its name to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), while continuing the Dhofar Rebellion. Where American Muslims Are Now, and What Lies Ahead? Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964, Kenya became a republic under the name "Republic of Kenya". The Sultanate of Zanzibar (Swahili: Usultani wa Zanzibar, Arabic: , romanized:Sulanat Zanjbr), also known as the Zanzibar Sultanate,[2] was a state controlled by the Sultan of Zanzibar, in place between 1856 and 1964. & S.I. 8 Sayyid Ali bin Hamud Al-Busaid 20 July 1902 9 December 1911 The British First Minister, Mr A. Rogers, served as regent until Ali reached the age of 21 on 7 June 1905. 1 0 obj Oman rule was established along the east African coast in 1698 after the Portuguese were driven out but it was not until later in the 19th century that the rule Oman rule was first made very effective under the leadership of Seyyid Said. The revolutionary government nationalized the local operations of the two foreign banks in Zanzibar, Standard Bank and National and Grindlays Bank. In 1908 the British entered into an agreement of friendship. [20]:762, On 10 December 1963, the Protectorate that had existed over Zanzibar since 1890 was terminated by the United Kingdom. The conflict flared up again in 1954, when the new imam led a sporadic 5-year rebellion against the sultan's efforts to extend government control into the interior. What are possible differential diagnosis What are must not miss diagnosis What are some of the test to order. [20]:761 After the First World War, more immigrants arrived from Britain and South Africa, and by 1919 the European population was estimated at 9,000 strong. The Canning Award split Zanzibar from Oman, but the Arab descendants of Omani royalty continued to govern the island for decades. Strict in his habits, lavish in his generosity, he was an affectionate father, taking great pleasure in elaborate family gatherings. For those in a hurry, they enable a quick summary of many important subjects. Outline methods used by Kenyan nationalists to fight for independence. By 1719 dynastic succession led to the nomination of Saif ibn Sultan II. Aided by Communist and leftist governments such as the former South Yemen (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen), the rebels formed the Dhofar Liberation Front, which later merged with the Marxist-dominated Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arab Gulf (PFLOAG). He established a ruling Arab elite and encouraged the development of clove plantations, using the island's slave labour. The Mazrui, established themselves as independent rulers of Mombasa and ordered towns like pate, Pemba, and Malindi to pay allegiance to them. Kenya Protectorate Order in Council, 1920, S.R.O. He told a captain of the Royal Navy that to put down the slave trade with the Muslims, that is a stone too heavy for me to lift without some strong hand to help me. By a treaty of collaboration with Britain concluded in 1822, he agreed to forbid his subjects to sell slaves to the subjects of Christian powers. Answers (2). [31] Zanzibar had a population of around 230,000 natives, some of whom claimed Persian ancestry and were known locally as Shirazis. Outline reasons why Northern Kenya is experiencing food scarcity today. The Yarubid dynasty expanded, acquiring former Portuguese colonies in East Africa - including Zanzibar - and engaging in the slave trade. Azzan bin Qais 3 October 1868 30 January 1871 Killed Born in 1791, Sad succeeded his father . The prospect of holding this chokepoint attracted the Portuguese Empire, whose military captured much of the area around Muscat in 1507. Over a century of Omani presence in Gwadar, for example, only ended in 1958: following four years of negotiations between Omani and Pakistani officials, Pakistan bought the city from Oman for US$3 million, equivalent to about US$28 million today. help me with the iHuman case study of Caroline Casey 25 y/o 5' 6" (168 cm) 140.0 lb (63.6 kg) Reason for encounter 25-year old who desires contraception, patient is a 25-year old woman presenting with symptoms of dysuria and vaginal discharge. Lord Delamere now commenced extensive farming operations, and in 1905, when a large number of immigrants arrived from Britain and South Africa, the Protectorate was transferred from the authority of the Foreign Office to that of the Colonial Office. 1920 No. Salim II bin Thuwaini 11 February 1866 3 October 1868 Killed In an effort to curb the Dhofar insurgency, Sultan Qaboos expanded and re-equipped the armed forces and granted amnesty to all surrendering rebels while vigorously prosecuting the war in Dhofar. Date posted: April 27, 2019. a) The Omani wanted the revenue from the taxes levied on trade. The leader of the revolt, Ahmad ibn Said al Said, was elected sultan of Muscat upon the expulsion of the Iranians. The PFLOAG's declared intention was to overthrow all traditional Persian Gulf rgimes. When the Portuguese were driven out of the east coast in 1698, the coast came under the rule of Oman Arabs. They spoke the Deilami language, a northwestern Persia dialect similar to that of the neighbouring Gilites. In 1822, the British signed the first of a series of treaties with Sultan Said to curb this trade, but not until 1876 was the sale of slaves finally prohibited. The area was once a major trade point and the former capital of Oman. vol. to the arrival of Islam in the 7th century A.D, Oman was controlled by two other Iranian dynasties, the Parthians (Whites) and the Sassanids. The "Protectorate of Kenya" was a 16km (10mi) coastal strip together with certain islands which remained under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar until the independence of Kenya. 602 703 448Poniedziaek- pitek od 16:00 - 19:00Sobota - niedziela 08:00 - 19:00. Muslim academics from elsewhere in East Africa made the same move. After the rise of Islam, the Rashidun, Umayyad, and Abbasid Caliphates conquered much of Africa and Asia. 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