rajatarangini was translated into persian by rajatarangini was translated into persian by

Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. Made king by the minister Shura. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. orders. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Answer. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. 0 0 Similar questions The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). Rajatarangini (Sanskrit: Waterway of Kings) recorded a narrative of early India reasonably viewed as awesome and the best work. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. Rajatarangini/Original languages Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. Verse 15. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. all exact any . It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Verse 7. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Total loading time: 0 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). After his family, Godhara of another family ruled (I.95). Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. . However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. Verse 13. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. Verse 14. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. According to Jogesh Chander Dutt's calculation, this year corresponds to 2448 BCE. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. The Journal of Asian Studies [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. Has data issue: true Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. section. for this article. He was adopted as a son by his maternal grandfather, and assumed the title Pratapaditya after the title of the grandfather's dynasty. Deposed by the minister Shura. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. The actual power was in hands of Jayadevi's brothers Padma, Utpalaka, Kalyana, Mamma and Dharmma. Updates? After that, the English translation. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Check ' ' translations into Persian. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. translator of the Rajataragini. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Sanskrit During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Eventually the Karkota dynasty ended and a grandson of Utpala became king. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. field of Asian Studies. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Report Error Content may require purchase if you do not have access. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Nephew of Didda. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Her son was Chippatajayapida. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Translation of " " into Persian . European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [citation needed]. Answer. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. "useRatesEcommerce": false Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Gave lands to Brahmins. Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. . ). The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Nothing is known about his origin. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. There too, legend is mixed with reality, and Toramana Huna is incorporated into the line of Meghavahana. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? This page was last modified on 1 January 2016, at 03:52. He erected a monument at. He subdued several enemies. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Request Permissions. After ruling indirectly and directly. In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. Jonaraja Feature Flags: { Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. The Loharas ruled for many generations. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. Verse 14. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. The relative It is by late Vidwan T.K. magnitude of the journals program within the Press is unique among American And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. After the Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king (V.469). We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Jizya was abolished too in his command. 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