identify the true and false statements about scientific research identify the true and false statements about scientific research

Before collecting data, social researchers must identify a (target population) from which to select their (sample). True Statement(s) Gender 3.) At the core of biology and other sciences lies a problem-solving approach called the scientific method. The best hypotheses are simple. ArrestHarrisonBergeronimmediately. It is not always easy to decide what "science" is telling us. scientific method: an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. Costperunit:DirectlaborDirectmaterialsFactoryoverhead(includingdepreciation)Totalcostperunit$15.00134.0033.50$182.50. True Statement(s) An explanation of the study's significance or the benefits to be derived from investigating the research problem. Desde que (ha llegado/lleg) mi primo a la ciudad, (nos hemos divertido/nos divertimos) mucho. Scientists question their own theories and even widely accepted ideas. Correct Answer (s) becoming a player and observing interactions in real time. Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? In the 1990s, Evans says, questions about how to manage genetic engineering were being discussed by bioethicists and philosophers. Boundary work is work done to maintain the borders between different branches of science and between science and non-science. Identify the activities that could realistically be part of the research. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward . humanitarianism. misrepresented the results due to lack of training. The cost to manufacture the phone follows: Costperunit:Directlabor$15.00Directmaterials134.00Factoryoverhead(includingdepreciation)33.50Totalcostperunit$182.50\begin{aligned} Le SIDA ____________________, a. l'Unin europene JaTonya comes across a questionable news report stating that horns are growing on young people's skulls. The two primary features of a scientific hypothesis are falsifiability and testability, which are reflected in an "Ifthen" statement summarizing the idea and in the ability to be supported or refuted through observation and experimentation. What is one of the biggest problems with non-academic uses of research methods? The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Survey research focuses on the micro level. A Pew Research Center study shows 94% of middle and high school teachers say their students are "very likely" to utilize an online search engine for a research assignment (Purcell . Problems that would result from the genetic screening of children at birth. She suggests that Terrance may have this disorder and diagnoses him accordingly. it often has a lack of rigorous standards. For decades, researchers have been trying to nail down what influences eyewitness testimony and how much confidence to place in it. False Statement(s) A debit card allows you to spend money by drawing on funds in your bank account, while a credit card allows you to spend money by borrowing from the card issuer up to a certain limit. True statements: Every theory should be falsifiable. Each unit has a direct labor hour standard of 5 hours. Ulrich Beck has drawn attention to the concept of a risk society: a society that both produces and addresses risks to human life and health. A comparison group allows experimenters to show that a treatment is effective. A statement was considered to appeal to the left or the right based on whether it lent support to political views held by more on one side of the ideological spectrum than the other. in numbers that mirror the overall student population. Place the events in order. The standardized tests were scored incorrectly. Scientific claims are evaluated based on merit, and not by the researcher's reputation. About 126,000 rumors were spread by 3 million people. Identify some of the shared and differing values of Americans, according to the textbook. What are the main trends of the global green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? concerns of stigmatization, privacy, and social stratification. Disadvantage(s) answering a survey First, researchers sifted through a number of different sources to create an initial pool of statements. Using this as a guide, we define the conditional statement P Q to be false only when P is true and Q is false, that is, only when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. If all women followed the example Angelina Jolie set in 2013, what would a mutated BRCA1 gene be a predictor for. The class using the new textbook is smaller than the class using the old textbook. Hilda is studying the effects of a major earthquake on people living nearby. Both men and women are given a survey, but only those in the experimental group watch the video before answering the survey questions. To understand how false news spreads, Vosoughi et al. What, besides increased agricultural productivity, were the benefits for developing nations of the green revolution that took place in the second half of the twentieth century? The completion of each program resulted in a free book. Select one: a. Two of the statements (one factual and one opinion) were neutral and intended to appeal equally to the left and right. Each of the fourth graders in one school is randomly assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. the tendency to ignore the fact that you are vulnerable to biases, the tendency to accept ideas that feel natural, the tendency to seek out information that supports your beliefs, the tendency to think the first thing that pops into your head is correct. Identify the true and false statements about external validity. b. In the film Gattaca, which major concern about genetics does the film explore? How is it superior to a simple-comparison design? Which questions would be part of the sociology of science? In this example, there are three statements. Small farmers tend to have a harder time affording USDA certification. Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that serve a local clientele? Human DNA contains only 20,000 to 25,000 genes, not 90,000. The school administrators compare the average scores of the two classes on a mathematics standardized test at the end of the year and find that the class with the new textbook performed better on the test. studied only a small portion of the general population Existing sources research may have low validity because respondents are dishonest. Unreliable Source(s) When correctly classifying opinions as such, however, Americans expressed more of a mix of agreeing and disagreeing with the statement. Which concerns are raised by the prospect of widespread genetic testing of human beings? Science is a process of falsifying (ruling out) logical hypotheses. IfHarisonsfatherwerenothandicapped,wouldhebelikehisson? When was the last time you ate pizza and what were the toppings you had on it? Far fewer Americans got all five correct, and roughly a quarter got most or all wrong. She should find out whether the celebrity is basing the claim on empirical evidence. Its important to explore what role political identification plays in how Americans decipher factual news statements from opinion news statements. The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of what cultural phenomenon? Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. What is one of the main points of Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema"? Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward Saunders's discovery of the effects of weather on stock prices? The libraries near the city center were all selected to implement a 2-week camp. Seattle libraries were interested in the effectiveness of summer reading programs in improving the reading ability of elementary school students. loss of crop biodiversity 1.) This phenomenon was first identified in a 1977 study at Villanova University and Temple University. The following strategies will enhance your ability to answer true/false questions correctly: Approach each statement as if it were true. 2. how scientists engage in scientific research make their decisions NOTE: A statement describing the research problem of your paper should not be viewed as a thesis statement that you may be familiar with from high school. "There are four major concepts in science: facts, hypotheses, laws and theories . The Process of Scientific Research. -They are more resistant to pests and diseases. School records are used to select 100 students from different categories (male and female, white and non-white, etc.) Memory [ edit] In psychology and cognitive science, a memory bias is a cognitive bias that either enhances or impairs the recall of a memory (either the chances that the memory will be recalled at all, or the amount of time it takes for it to be recalled, or both), or that alters the content of a reported memory. Meta-analyses do not allow cherry-picking of certain studies. -The loss of trees means less absorption of free CO2. Americans overwhelmingly see statements they think are factual as accurate, mostly disagree with factual statements they incorrectly label as opinions, 5. Identify the true statements about internet-based surveys. HarrisonandGeorgeBergeronarefatherandson. Conley suggests that "the availability of organic products may add to health stratification by income." Which of the following, if they occurred, could be potential confounds in the study? They stay fresh longer. Creating the mix of statements was a multistep and rigorous process that incorporated a wide variety of viewpoints. Is this firm minimizing its costs? Not Confound(s) A sociologist begins participant observation of a group of community college students in the hopes that she can learn more about how young people form new relationships. An important goal is to yield generalizations general statements regarding trends among various dimensions of social life. Please indicate if the following statements are True (T) or False (F). In all other cases, P Q is true. Survey research never has sampling problems, UNIT 1: Fundamentals, Integument, Skeleton, a, Marketing Essentials: The Deca Connection, Carl A. Woloszyk, Grady Kimbrell, Lois Schneider Farese, Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being, (Fixed) Manufacturing supervisors salaries, (Fixed) Manufacturing offi ce employees salaries, (Fixed) Manufacturing building depreciation. Incorrect Answer(s) Why did the fatalities produced by Chicago's 1995 heat wave occur mainly among the elderly, the poor, and African Americans? Dependent Variable(s) A sociologist wants to study racial discrimination in hiring, and decides to either distribute a survey asking employers about their hiring methods, or conduct an experiment that involves sending fake resumes to employers to see who gets an interview. . did not disclose a conflict of interest Members of these populations were socially isolated. in-person interviews Melting of the ice cap at the North Pole. Which items, according to scientists, represent the two biggest causes of global warming? Overall, attributing the statements to news outlets had a limited impact on statement classification, except for one case: Republicans were modestly more likely than Democrats to accurately classify the three factual statements in this second set when they were attributed to Fox News and correspondingly, Democrats were modestly less likely than Republicans to do so. IRB approves study design. Members of these populations were socially isolated. The findings from the survey, conducted between Feb. 22 and March 8, 2018, reveal that even this basic task presents a challenge. \text { Direct labor } & \$ 15.00 \\ On the other hand, almost four-in-ten Democrats (37%) incorrectly classified the left-appealing opinion statement Increasing the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour is essential for the health of the U.S. economy as factual, compared with about half as many Republicans (17%).3, In a separate part of the study, respondents were shown eight different statements. It can be effective to focus only on the theoretical parts of the argument being made. Identify the concepts from research methodology that might be problematic for this study. In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to? Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. The researchers examined how scientific facts were established. 100% (20 ratings) True Statements:- Researchers rarely stop at one study; th . The report mentions that dark chocolate has more antioxidants than fruit and claims that it would be perfectly healthy to consume every day. Which of the following statements are reasons why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on personal experience? The illusory truth effect (also known as the illusion of truth effect, validity effect, truth effect, or the reiteration effect) is the tendency to believe false information to be correct after repeated exposure. The notion of (objectivity) can be skewed by the direction and focus of prior research. Identify the true and false statements about the differences between scientific research and personal experience. Biological Sex 2.) researchers debrief participants. (Laws) are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden, while (mores) often include severe repercussions and public condemnation. There are different children in the fourth grade this year than there were last year. genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historic burial ground. A philosopher argues that intelligent design is not a scientifically testable theory. She finds that many of the victims are depressed and show stress-related symptoms. Problems False rumors spread faster and wider than true information, according to a 2018 study published in Science by MIT Sloan professor Sinan Aral and Deb Roy and Soroush Vosoughi of the MIT Media Lab. Shared Value(s) Applying additional scrutiny to Muslim Americans would not reduce terrorism in the U.S. Voter fraud across the U.S. has undermined the results of our elections. This is an example of (blank) They found falsehoods are 70% more likely to be . Standard and actual overhead costs were as follows. The teacher using the new book has more teaching experience. Even though there were some differences between the parties (for instance, 78% of Democrats compared with 68% of Republicans who correctly classified at least three of five factual statements), the more meaningful finding is the tendency among both to be influenced by the possible political appeal of statements. After classifying each statement as factual or opinion, respondents were then asked one of two follow-up questions. True Statement(s) The study probed one step further for the initial set of 12 statements. improvements in agricultural techniques and technologies. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Distinguishing Between Factual and Opinion Statements in the News, Next: 1. abstract, intro, method, results, discussion, refrences. Accurate descriptions of how science is normally done. On a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 equals strongly disagree and 5 equals strongly agree), how much do you support the current president's policies? True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here A single study can debunk a theory if the data are inconsistent with the theory. -They can be more nutritious. standard direct labor hours. Which items represent documented present-day effects of global warming? For historical reasons, African Americans often have poorly documented family trees. What is the probability that a 75%75 \%75% free-throw shooter will miss his next free throw? Expert Answer. The best explanation for the evolutionary survival of homosexuality is that homosexual men and women pass on their genes by helping to raise their nieces and nephews. Which of the following should Jayla do to determine that the claim about crystals is trustworthy? universalism. Disclosure statement. Opinion statements were classified as appealing to one side if in recent surveys they were supported more by one political party than the other. \\ {\bullet \text { Harrison and George Bergeron are father and son. }} False statements: If a result does not support a theory, that theory should be discarded. AreHarrisonandHozelBergeronreallysodifferent? It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Even if a research study finds an effect the majority of the time, there is no guarantee it will happen to you. Confound(s) Approach each statement as if it were true and then determine if any part of . Which of the following, if they occurred, could be potential confounds in the study? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Match each biological factor with its influence on sexual behavior. Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner. The term is sometimes used in a legal context to describe certain kinds of testimony which are uncorroborated by objective, independent evidence such as notarized documentation, photographs, audio-visual recordings, etc. the introduction of high-yield crops in developing nations In which context were the scientific techniques used by African Ancestry first developed? 3. how the public responds to claims by scientists. But understanding where true scientific . Your body does not use energy when you sleep. Genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historical burial ground. depletion of soil nutrients FULL STORY. Failing to consider all of the times you went to the beach and didn't see anyone get attacked by a shark is an example of (blank), the availability heuristic They found that elementary schools whose students had attended the longer summer reading programs and thus read more books boasted higher reading comprehension. -death in a traffic accident. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For which reason or reasons are Americans generally more accepting of GMO foods than most Europeans?, In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to?, Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that . focus group. -Whether cause A has effect B can depend on social circumstances. (All of the factual statements were accurate.) replicability Scientific theory vs. scientific hypothesis. And, overall, the same general findings about differences based on political awareness, digital savviness and trust also held true for this second set of statements. When she gets home, Sana looks up research on dark chocolate and ignores the studies showing that dark chocolate should be consumed only in moderation because of its calorie content. One such non-custom model is called Luxury Base Frame. -The researchers treated scientists as they would any other "tribe." Enumerate and explain the three disadvantages of reversal designs. The Human Genome Project was an international effort to map out the complete human DNA sequence. One disadvantage of online surveys is representativeness. One of the biggest setbacks to influenza research is the lack of ability of viruses to evolve over time. True Statement(s) Incorrect Answer(s) Which of the following does your textbook suggest to be the most common of all non-academic uses of sociological methods? For which reason or reasons are Americans generally more accepting of GMO foods than most Europeans? The six steps of the scientific method include: 1) asking a question about something you observe, 2) doing background research to learn what is already known about the topic, 3) constructing a hypothesis, 4) experimenting to test the hypothesis, 5) analyzing the data from the experiment and drawing conclusions, and 6) communicating the results . Barry C Smith is a Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the Institute of Advanced Studies at University of London. For more information on how statements were selected for the study, see below. Multiple replications of the same study provide strong support for a theory. The goal was to include an equal number of statements that would more likely appeal to the political right or to the political left, with an overall balance across statements. What happened next? Janice's diagnosis is not purely based on her client's symptoms but is partially influenced by the (blank). Which concerns are raised by the prospect of widespread genetic testing of human beings? Pronounce the letters French acronym, match acronym with its full form, and then provide the English equivalent. Correct Answers: Eliminate choices that don't satisfy the statement's condition. Because as a trained psychologist Janice should be aware of her susceptibility to faulty thinking, her mistake is an example of the (blank). A desire to keep pace with German atomic weapons research. rapport. In the survey, respondents read a series of news statements and were asked to put each statement in one of two categories: In the initial set, five statements were factual, five were opinion and two were in an ambiguous space between factual and opinion referred to here as borderline statements. Which reason did the local school board of Dover, Pennsylvania offer, in 1995, for requiring teachers to read to their students a statement challenging evolution? Jayla comes across a celebrity's website promoting the healing power of crystals. If you do not understand the Results section, you should ignore it. Utilize online reports of exploitative journals. Each person in a sample group is recorded as being either a United States citizen or a citizen of another country. Research like this can combine the statistical findings of individual studies to identify a(n) (blank), empirical articles, metaanalysis, effect size. \hline The opinion statements were adapted largely from public opinion survey questions. Which method would best examine racial discrimination in hiring and why? The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action can or should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. (1 point) True False 13. -death from disease Scientific evidence is information gathered from scientific research, which takes a lot of time (and patience!) In todays fast-paced and complex information environment, news consumers must make rapid-fire judgments about how to internalize news-related statements statements that often come in snippets and through pathways that provide little context. Riaan is designing a study in which he combines the findings of (blank) and calculates the magnitude of all the combined results, otherwise known as (blank). Bruno Latour maintains that it would make no sense to say Ramses II died of tuberculosis, because the ancient Egyptians had not identified tuberculosis as a disease. c. Since viruses never change,an adaptive immune system . Factual statements that lend support to views held by more people on one side of the ideological spectrum (and fewer of those on the other side) were classified as appealing to the narrative of that side. Using multiple groups allows researchers to isolate potential confounds. What does it mean to say that research is probabilistic? Incorrect Answer(s) Who had largely dropped out of the discussion, according to Evans? Identify the following behaviors as examples of either scientific thinking or intuitive thinking. Americans are more religious on average and thus more disposed to believe that human beings have a God-given right to alter nature. When we say that sociology is a social science, we mean that it uses the scientific method to try to understand the many aspects of society that sociologists study. Most researchers still see online survey methods are unconventional. Five students are randomly selected for in-depth interviews, each lasting half an hour. one gene both promotes overall fertility and leads to some percentage of offspring being homosexual. Conley suggests that "the availability of organic products may add to health stratification by income." sex/gender. Two biologists argue about whether viruses should be considered living or nonliving. Which of the following are disadvantages of survey research? sample Why are many African Americans especially interested in the prospect of using genetic testing to determine a person's family history and ancestral place of origin? Previous research relied heavily on the premise . Not Confound(s) Respondents were asked to determine if each was a factual statement (whether accurate or not) or an opinion statement (whether agreed with or not). -concerns over the morality of creating new stem cell lines Meta-analyses summarize the magnitude of a relationship between variables. 1. involuntary disclosure of family genetics to government authorities. open-access scientific articles This is summarized in Table 1.1, which is called a truth table for the conditional statement P Q. Various sources were used to determine the appeal of each statement, including news stories, statements by elected officials, and recent polling. Quantitative The first thing to do before looking at the text, is to look at your set of True, False, Not given questions. Students passing by a campus booth are invited to fill out a questionnaire; several hundred do so. New online tools can automatically adjust the reliability and validity of survey questions. AreHarrisonandHozelBergeronreallysodifferent? Survey research uses only Likert scale questions. This is Pew Research Centers first step in understanding how people parse through information as factual or opinion. The term pseudoscience refers to beliefs and practices that claim to be scientific but lack the true method and essence of science. A law is a statement about an observed phenomenon or a unifying concept, according to Kennesaw State University. Good stories are rarely accurate. Lies spread faster than the truth. confirmation bias, Overestimating the percentage of shark attacks that occur each year due to recent news reports about a particular shark attack is an example of (blank) If they classified a statement as factual, they were then asked if they thought the statement was accurate or inaccurate. The principle of respect recognizes the capacity and rights of all individuals to make their own decisions. What are some causes of concern about the use of DNA testing in a criminological context?