female firefighters statistics 2020 female firefighters statistics 2020

Springer Nature. Influence of paternal age on the risk of spontaneous abortion. Im excited for the decrease in separation to continue. In 2018, she gained a permanent leadership position on the crew. This could indicate an expired SSL certificate or a certificate that does not include the requested domain name. We still have a long way to go but those latest statistics are an encouraging step in the right direction.. Meeting these girls reinforces the idea of what I do, she said This is a good reminder of what I am doing here, for the love of doing what we do.. Maternal air pollution exposure and preterm birth in Wuxi, China: effect modification by maternal age. Women make up about 12 percent of wildland firefighters. The highest-paid female on the list was Lisa Su, the CEO of Advanced Micro Devices. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. And during 2018/19, 16.6 per cent of new firefighters joining fire and rescue services were women. Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. Wu J, Hou H, Ritz B, Chen Y. J Occup Environ Med. Now, 15,200 women in the United States work as paid firefighters and 78,500 are volunteer firefighters, according to a February 2020 National Fire Protection Association report that cites 2018 statistics. Among structural firefighters, volunteer firefighters had 1.42 times the risk of miscarriage (95% CI 1.111.80) compared to career firefighters. 1892; March 26. https://www.newspapers.com/image/584844901/?terms=%22female%2Bfire%2Bbrigade%22 (accessed Nov. 17, 2020). 2012;2(3):e001077. When they reached the hilltop and got out, they tied in with other crews already digging a fire line close to the flames. Estimating relative risks in multicenter studies with a small number of centers which methods to use? They handle the hose on top of a 50 foot ladder with a pressure of water that makes it difficult to control even on terra firma. This collection of reports looks at the U.S. fire problem in 10-year periods, beginning in 1985. The purpose of the registry is to create a national database for use by the fire protection and prevention communities, allied professions, the general public and the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). We would like to thank the International Association of Women in Fire and Emergency Service (Women in Fire) and the firefighters who participated in this study. Number of firefighters in the U.S., 2000-2020 Published by Erin Duffin , Jul 19, 2021 In 2020, there was the full-time equivalent of 331,407 state and local firefighters in the United. Fire is a competitive joband sometimes I feel like for women you start out a step below, whether its things we internalize, or the environment were in that can have an effect, Flowers says after a day of burning in Florida. Fifty percent of firefighters are between 30 and 49 years old. 2007;356(12):120715. 2020; Jan. 7. https://www.nowtolove.com.au/news/local-news/indigenous-all-female-fire-crew-australia-62022 (accessed Nov. 17, 2020). Our study also highlights future research opportunities to investigate the influence of additional firefighter occupational risk factors and mechanisms. Data from previous years can be found here. We welcome anyone who shares our commitment to a harmonious, skilled, and gender-integrated fire and rescue service to join Women in Fire. Compared to a cohort of US nurses [19], the age-at-pregnancy standardized prevalence of miscarriage, hereafter referred to as age-standardized prevalence, among firefighters in our study was 2.33 times greater (95% CI 1.96, 2.75) (Table2). 2019;364:l869. BMJ Open. Because local taxes represent a large source of department revenue, volunteer departments may have less funding that can be allocated to the purchase of new technologies and upgraded equipment meant to prevent or minimize firefighter occupational exposures. Among wildland/WUI firefighters (n=485 pregnancies), volunteer firefighters had 2.53 times the risk of miscarriage compared to career firefighters (RR 2.53, 95% CI 1.354.78). Among career firefighters who were<35years old at pregnancy (n=1217 pregnancies), having a shift schedule of >24h was associated with a reduced risk of miscarriage (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.550.99) compared to shift schedules of <24h (Table 3). Firefighters who had never been pregnant (n=1271), were missing information on parity (n=174), or who reported zero pregnancies while working in the fire service (n=469) were excluded. California Privacy Statement, However, this misclassification would most likely have been non-differential and therefore, attenuate our effect estimates. Latest figures published by the Home Office - covering the period from April 2018 to March 2019 - show an increase in the number of female firefighters working for Fire and Rescue Services, which has been welcomed by the National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC). Unfortunately the workforce the statistics also reveal that attacks on firefighters have increased by three per cent over the last 12 months. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This could indicate an expired SSL certificate or a certificate that does not include the requested domain name. First, we assessed risk of miscarriage in two different scenarios: (1) among the most recent pregnancy in the fire service and (2) the first pregnancy in the fire service using Poisson regression models with sandwich variance estimators [22]. Given our findings related to miscarriage, and the fact that this is the first article on the reproductive health of volunteer women, more research on this population to understand what puts them at such increased risk is warranted. Second, multiple imputation with chained equations (MICE) was used to assess the sensitivity of our estimates to missing responses for age at pregnancy, education, gravidity, BMI, and smoking [40]. Painting, firefighting, and shiftwork, vol. All study participants provided informed and written consent. Our comparison to the US nurses may be limited to a lesser extent as both are occupational cohorts of mostly non-Hispanic white women who reported working during their previous pregnancy and both studies relied on self-reported measures. Does obesity increase the risk of miscarriage in spontaneous conception: a systematic review. Other variables of interest included age at pregnancy, gravidity (yes previously pregnant or not), race (white or other racial minority groups (Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, or other), hereafter referred to as other), Hispanic ethnicity (yes or no), highest level of education completed (some college or less, or college and above), BMI (<30kg/m2 or30kg/m2), smoking (current/former or never smoker), and presence of policies regarding pregnancy and/or maternity (yes or no). 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Fire Department Overall Run Profile as Reported to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (2020) In 2020, fire departments responded to 26,959,000 incident runs or calls. 2005;161(9):81623. Volunteer firefighters had a greater risk of miscarriage compared to career firefighters, but the magnitude of risk varied by wildland firefighter status (interaction p-value<0.01). There were 29,452 fire departments in the United States in 2020. Park J, Ahn Y-S, Kim M-G. Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium outcomes in female firefighters in Korea. A $5 Amazon e-gift card was offered as an incentive to participate. Additionally, women who experience miscarriages may be more likely to experience post-partum depression, anxiety, and stress, which can impact their sociability [50] and their desire to participate in health focused research. Additional troubleshooting information here. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. 2004;159(7):7026. Fourth, we removed firefighters who reported that they were wildland only firefighters and repeated GEE models to determine if inherent differences between wildland firefighting and other firefighting [37, 42] were large enough to preclude the combination of wildland and WUI firefighters into a singular analytical category. NYPD's latest stats do little to comfort subway attack victim despite falling crime numbers. Ergonomics. Occup Environ Med. Age-at-pregnancy standardized prevalence ratio, Multiple imputation with chained equations, Particulate matter less than 2.5m in diameter. To what extent this Lady fireman business is going to reach, it is hard to say, but Armidale is the first in the Australian field, and as Mr. Deb Flowers, second from left, who led the 2020 womens session, discusses the outcomes of the first section of a controlled burn with Seneca Smith, Kelly Lewis, and Tiffany Vickery. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether women firefighters had greater risk of miscarriage compared to non-firefighters and whether there were occupational factors associated with risk of miscarriage among firefighters. Part of How Many Members Does Women In Fire Have? She recently earned a coveted permanent spot on the crew, a first step on the path to a leadership position. 2007;4:4. Petersen KU, Hansen J, Ebbehoej NE, Bonde JP. A brand new wildland firefighter in 2015, she had no idea where this assignment would take her and her crew as they approached the hill where fire was ripping through the trees. Here, Krantz, left, and another crew member rappel to the ground from a helicopter during a proficiency rappel. It goes to show we are increasing diversity across services and services are therefore recruiting from all sections of society and attracting the best talent. Firefighter research to date has been restricted primarily to male firefighters, and the health of women firefighters is critically understudied. In addition, the number of all female staff employed by fire and rescue authorities (as at March 31st 2019) was 16.7 per cent, which compares to 14.6 per cent ten years ago. Our reports reflect the most current data year available at the time of analysis. Cooking was the leading cause of home fires in 2020. Twenty complete datasets were imputed and analyzed and estimates were pooled using Rubins Rules [41]. Sci Total Environ. Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. This research was supported in part by a grant awarded to NDRI-USA by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (EMW-2015-FP-00848) as well as a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Research Training Grant (T32 ES007091). Were all firefighters, says Rita Krantz, a 12-year firefighter on a helicopter rappel crew in McCall, Idaho. Career firefighters were also categorized as working for either >24 consecutive hours at a time or working <24 consecutive hours at a time. Although trending downward since the early 1980's, heating fires remained the second leading cause of residential building fires. Chersich MF, Pham MD, Areal A, Haghighi MM, Manyuchi A, Swift CP, et al. She entered the wildland fire world in 1989, when women were often shunned or tokenized. Rodrguez-Marroyo JA, Villa JG, Lpez-Satue J, Perna R, Carballo B, Garca-Lpez J, et al. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.4014r01721. The village had four enormous tubs constituting the waterworks and keeping them full was the duty of the 150 women in the department. A National Geographic team has made the first ascent of the remote Mount Michael, looking for a lava lake in the volcanos crater. Of the career firefighters, 17,200 were female. Nationwide 37% of fire departments provided no emergency medical services, 46% provided basic life support (BLS), and 17% provided advanced life support (ALS). In March, the women of PFTC travelled to the Camp Blanding Joint Training Center, a military base in north-central Florida. Based in Florida, PFTC brings small groups of firefighters to the southern and eastern United States in the winter for controlled burns, pre-planned fires that are started for conservation reasons. Unfortunately, we have not been able to come up with an accurate number of current female fire chiefs. Resistance from some elements of the workforce. Fernandez RC, Moore VM, Marino JL, Whitrow MJ, Davies MJ. BMJ. In 1897, all the firemen in the little town of Vasso, Sweden, happened to be women. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Am J Ind Med. We have about 500 members, primarily in the United States, but also in Canada, Trinidad, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, and Australia. Obstet Gynecol. NFPA: Fourth Needs Assessment of the U.S. Fire Service. 2013; April 4. http://womeninfirefighting.blogspot.com/p/the-amazons-c1901-1903.html (accessed Nov. 17, 2020). Maternal exposures to certain PFAS (perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and PFAS mixtures) have been associated with increased risk of miscarriage [13, 45]. Currently, you are using a shared account. The median annual wage for firefighters was $50,700 in May 2021. 11.8% of all firemen are women, while 88.2% are men. Women in Fire began in the fall of 1982 as iWomen, with the publication of its first newsletter. There are over 138,819 firemen currently employed in the United States. Compared to miscarriage rates among California women insured by Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program [20], the age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage among women firefighters was not increased (aSPR 1.09; 95% CI 0.911.28) (Table 2). PLoS One. Google Scholar. These statistics show the number of female firefighters now make up seven per cent of the workforce, compared to 6.4 per cent last year. Stratified models were presented when effect modification was present. Stocker LJ, Macklon NS, Cheong YC, Bewley SJ. For wildland firefighter status, identifying as a wildland or WUI firefighter during an index pregnancy may not equate to actively participating in either fire suppression or a fire season. Liew Z, Luo J, Nohr EA, Bech BH, Bossi R, Arah OA, et al. Then the women circled up for an After Action Report, giving praise and constructive criticism to each other in their different roles. She didnt understand their fascination: She was doing the same job as the men, so why did they care about her gender? Representing 6.91% of Firefighters, Black (Non-Hispanic) is the second most common race or ethnicity in this occupation. In Model 2 we also adjusted for gravidity, education, BMI, and smoking as categorical variables. For each pregnancy, participants reported if the pregnancy had occurred while working in the fire service and if the pregnancy had resulted in miscarriage, livebirth, stillbirth, or pregnancy termination. 77.3% of Firefighters are White (Non-Hispanic), making that the most common race or ethnicity in the occupation. Data sets and statistics about fires, fire risk, firefighters and fire departments in the United States. Education, BMI, smoking, and presence of pregnancy or maternity policies were assessed as current status in 2017. Womens Health Issues. Jitnarin N, Poston WSC, Haddock CK, Jahnke SA. This from the Armidale Chronicle (1901): These girls have been thoroughly drilled in handling the engine, reel, fire escape, and builders ladder. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Correspondence to Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis. Here, she carries a saw through the Dixie National Forest in Utah during a thinning project designed to keep the forest healthy. The fetal life table revisited: spontaneous abortion rates in three Kaiser Permanente cohorts. 1896; Nov. 22. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668093967/?terms=%22female%2Bfire%2Bbrigade%22 (accessed Nov. 17, 2020). You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. 2015;17(1). Daniels RD, Kubale TL, Yiin JH, Dahm MM, Hales TR, Baris D, et al. Heard on All . Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Still, our findings do suggest that a more structured comparison of firefighters to non-firefighters is needed. The crew dynamic is completely different. In 2020, 89,600 firefighters were female (9%). For females in 2020, the rate of firearm-related suicide (1.8) was higher than rates of suicide by poisoning (1.5) and suffocation (1.7). This association persisted even after adjusting for key risk factors of miscarriage for which wildland or WUI firefighters differed (younger age, lower BMI, fewer smokers) compared to structural firefighters. In our analysis, we analyzed data from a US cohort of women firefighters (n=1074) to investigate the prevalence of miscarriage compared to non-firefighters and to assess potential occupational factors among firefighters that could have contributed to risk. 2020;54(6):336374. The most common ethnicity of firemen is White (69.0%), followed by Hispanic or Latino (15.3%), Black or African American (8.1%) and Unknown (4.8%). As discussed above, our comparisons to the study of California women may be limited by significant differences in the data sources, study design, and the women enrolled. In addition, the current study did not collect detailed information about potential work restrictions (e.g. Am J Epidemiol. In 1873, Girton, the first university college for women in Britaintwo miles out of Cambridgeopened its doors to a handful of young students. In 1991, while attempting to get on a hotshot crew, Legarza called one crew after another from a payphone in downtown Las Vegas. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. We compared the prevalence of miscarriage among firefighters to published rates among non-firefighters using age-standardized prevalence ratios. Get statistics on residential building fires. All-female crews formed as early as 1942 in California, and in the 1970s in Montana, when men were deployed during World War II and Vietnam respectively. Our study is also a novel investigation of reproductive health outcomes among volunteers and wildland or WUI firefighters, subgroups in the fire service that are often underrepresented in firefighter research. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Thanks in large part to women who were first hired onto Interagency Hotshot Crews in the 1970s and 80s, today women are present in every facet of the wildland fire world. View Data Save Image Share / Embed Age by Sex 38.5 The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 1). All data were self-reported and collected via the 2017 survey. Fire death rates vary considerably by state, with 2015-2019 average deaths rates per million population ranging from a low of 4.7 to a high of 23.7. Molly Williams was an African American slave who often accompanied her owner, Benjamin Aymar, to the Oceanus Engine Company, in Lower Manhattan, where he was a volunteer firefighter. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Age at pregnancy was modeled as age at pregnancy and age at pregnancy squared because the association between maternal age at pregnancy and miscarriage has been reported to follow a J-shaped curve, with a steep increase in risk of miscarriage after 35years of age in several studies [30, 33]. 2011;54(11):11018. The association between psychological stress and miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2011;29(6):50713. Booze TF, Reinhardt TE, Quiring SJ, Ottmar RD. With the esteemed position of honorary membership, she was allowed to wear the parade uniform of the company; a fireman's red shirt, a black skirt (instead of pants), a parade helmet with her initials, and a formal parade belt from the Veteran Firemen's Association of San Francisco. We calculated aSPRs of miscarriage during most recent pregnancy (that resulted in miscarriage or livebirth) compared to a cohort of nurses enrolled in the Nurses Health Study II (NHSII) [19]. While working for Black Mountain Hotshots in Nevada that season, she remembers news crews swarming her. Today women still only make up 12 percent of wildland firefightersbut a number of initiatives have been created to increase the number of women in fire, foster their leadership capabilities, and improve their operational confidence in the field. Manzello SL, Almand K, Guillaume E, Vallerent S, Hameury S, Hakkarainen T. FORUM Position Paper The Growing Global Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Dilemma: Priority Needs for Research. It is really encouraging to see for the first time since 2009, that this increase is not due to male firefighters leaving the service. Jensen TK, Andersen LB, Kyhl HB, Nielsen F, Christesen HT, Grandjean P. Association between perfluorinated compound exposure and miscarriage in Danish pregnant women. Female firefighters are nothing new, yet it remains one of the few professions in Queensland where seeing a woman still turns heads. As the sun hit its peak, the fire burned hotter and faster. 2011: The direct dollar loss includes the Bastrop County, Texas Complex Wildfire with an estimated property loss of $400,000,000. Evidence from previous studies suggests that women firefighters have greater risk of some adverse reproductive outcomes. Similarly, wildland/WUI firefighters were younger at time of survey completion (p<0.0001), had a lower BMI (p<0.0001), and were less likely to be smokers (p<0.0001) compared to structural firefighters (Table 1). While accurate figures on volunteer firefighters are difficult to obtain, it can be estimated that 35-40,000 women are in the volunteer fire service in the U.S. Third, we excluded pregnancies resulting in stillbirth or termination from our analyses (only analyzing miscarriages and livebirths). When stratified by firefighter designations, the age-standardized prevalence of miscarriage was increased among volunteer firefighters (aSPR 2.09; 95% CI 1.482.87) and structural firefighters (aSPR 1.38; 95% CI 1.141.65), but lower in wildland/WUI firefighters (aSPR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34, 0.80) and non-statistically significant among career firefighters (aSPR 0.92; 95% CI 0.751.28), compared to California women. Stanley IH, Hom MA, Gai AR, Joiner TE. We also evaluated potential effect modification between employment status and working fire/rescue calls at pregnancy start, since annual call volumes differ between career and volunteer departments [1]. Effect modification was investigated by creating an interaction term for the occupational exposure and the potential modifying factor and then performing tests of heterogeneity by assessing Wald p-values [39]. The reported figures are likely to be less than the actual attacks which take place. 11 as an unofficial member of the team. We evaluated if associations varied by age at pregnancy or employment. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2019;16(19):3720. Hopefully, in the near future we will be able to conduct research and achieve better statistics on the number of women and the number of women in Chief Officer ranks. The reports provide a statistical overview of the fire problem that can motivate corrective action. Briefly, study recruitment was open to all women firefighters in the US and Canada above the age of 18. Article Metrics Suggested Citation [?] Back in Utah at the Dixie National Forest, Gross and the rest of the crew finished their lunch and suited up again: buckling chaps, refilling chainsaws with gas and oil, and taking another gulp of water. 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Phase 1, Impact of Home Fire Sprinkler System Requirements in California, Impact of Obstructions on Spray Sprinklers Phase I, Obstructions and Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers, Review of Oxygen Reduction Systems for Warehouse Storage Applications, Sprinkler Protection Guidance for Lithium-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems, Stakeholder Perceptions of Home Fire Sprinklers, Applying Reliability Based Decision Making to ITM Frequency, Storage Protection in the Presence of Horizontal Barriers or Solid Shelving Literature Review, Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings, Fire Department Connection Inlet Flow Assessment, Use of Gaseous Suppression Systems in High Air Flow Environments - Phase 1, Quantification of Water Flow Data Adjustments for Sprinkler System Design, Water-Based Fire Protection System Tagging Review, Addressing the Performance of Sprinkler Systems: NFPA 25 and Other Strategies, Foam Application for High Hazard Flammable Train (HHFT) Fires, Impact of Fire Extinguisher Agents on Cultural Resource Materials, Protection of Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics, Literature Review on Hybrid Fire Suppression Systems, Evaluation of Water Additives for Fire Control, Fire ember production from wildland and structural fuels, WUI-NITY: a platform for the simulation of wildland-urban interface fire evacuation, Pathways for Building Fire Spread at the Wildland Urban Interface, A Collection of Geospatial Technological Approaches for Wildland and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Events, Flammable refrigerants: Fire Fighter Training Material Development Workshop, NFPA Building Safety and Security Workshop, Workshop on School Safety, Codes and Security - December 2014, Preparing for Disaster: Workshop on Advancing WUI Resilience, Public Safety sUAS Compliance Training Workshop, Global Research Update: High Challenge Storage Protection, Workshop for Survey on Usage and Functionality of Smoke Alarms and CO Alarms in Households, Big Data and Fire Protection Systems Workshop, Power Over the Ethernet (PoE) Summit: Next Steps, Workshop on Energy Storage Systems and the Built Environment, Marina Shock Hazard Research Planning Workshop, Property Insurance Research Group Forum on PV Panel Fire Risk, Workshop on Smart Buildings and Fire Safety, The Next Five Years in Fire and Electrical Safety, Resiliency and Emergency Preparedness Workshop, Workshop Proceedings on Emergency Responder Vehicles, Fire Hose Workshop in Support of the Technical Committee, Competencies for Responders to Incidents of Flammable Liquids in Transport Developing a Codes and Standards Roadmap, Workshop on Key Performance Capabilities and Competencies for High Hazard Incident Commander, Workshop on International Wildfire Risk Reduction, Wildland and WUI Fire Research Planning Workshop, Wildland Urban Interface Land Use Policy Workshop, Economic Impact of Codes and Standards: A Workshop on Needs and Resources, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and Solar Safety, Campaign for Fire Service Contamination Control, Environmental impact of fire - Research road map, WUINITY a platform for the simulation of wildlandurban interface fire evacuation, Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings Phase 3, Safe Quantity of Open Medical Gas Storage in a Smoke Compartment, PPE and Fire Service Gear Cleaning Validation, Stranded Energy within Lithium-Ion Batteries, Fire Fighter Flammable Refrigerant Training, Influence of wood particulate size and moisture content on deflagration hazard, Enhancing Incident Commander Competencies for Management of Incidents Involving Pipeline and Rail Car Spills of Flammable Liquids, The Fire Protection Research Foundation's 40th Anniversary, NFPA Community Risk Assessment Pilot Project, About the NFPA Research Library and Archives, Firefighter Injuries in the United States in 2019, Large-Loss Fires in the United States in 2019, Catastrophic Fires and Explosions in the United States in 2019, Catastrophic Multiple-Death Fires and Explosions by Type in 2019, Report: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2019, Selected 2019 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents, Addressing Stranded Energy Starts with Learning More About It, 2018 Large-Loss Fires and Explosions in the United States Report, Selected 2018 US Firefighter Injury Incidents, Nonmetallic tubes: No longer a pipe dream, International: Again, Russian mall fires spark outcry, suspicion, 2018 Fire Loss in the United States report, 2018 Catastrophic Multiple-Death Fires Report, Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2018, Selected 2018 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents, 2017 Catastrophic Multiple Death Fire Report, Career Firefighters Per 1,000 Population For All Career Fire Departments 2013-2015, Number of Fire Departments in the United States By Population and By State, 2012-2014.