[178][179], An equatorial climate characterizes much of northern Brazil. These were the Platine War, the Uruguayan War and the devastating Paraguayan War, the largest war effort in Brazilian history. [206], The political-administrative organization of the Federative Republic of Brazil comprises the Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities. [260] It has the largest national economy in Latin America, the tenth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, and the ninth-largest by PPP. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. LIBRAS teachers, instructors and translators are recognized professionals. [294], Tourism in Brazil is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of the country. [454], Brazilian literature dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as Pro Vaz de Caminha, filled with descriptions of fauna, flora and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers. Flag. [21][22][23][24] Categorised as developing country with a high Human Development Index,[25] Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy,[26] having the twelfth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and ninth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. Ribeira Valley and the Atlantic Forest. [204] The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the highest rates of homicide of the world. [418], There are significant communities of German (mostly the Brazilian Hunsrckisch, a High German language dialect) and Italian (mostly the Talian, a Venetian dialect) origins in the Southern and Southeastern regions, whose ancestors' native languages were carried along to Brazil, and which, still alive there, are influenced by the Portuguese language. [302], Technological research in Brazil is largely carried out in public universities and research institutes, with the majority of funding for basic research coming from various government agencies. This has created a national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences. "[38], In the Guaran language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is called "Pindorama". WebBrazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. [266] The Brazilian real is the national currency. [395] Greater Rio de Janeiro, not including the city proper, is the most irreligious and least Roman Catholic Brazilian periphery, while Greater Porto Alegre and Greater Fortaleza are on the opposite sides of the lists, respectively. [432] Among other influences, the Portuguese introduced the Portuguese language, Roman Catholicism and colonial architectural styles. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). Freyre, Gilberto. 17 Grande Enciclopdia Universal edio de 1980 Ed.Amazonas, West, David A. [493], Upon the creation of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, new artistic movements spread across the country during the 19th century and later the event called Modern Art Week definitely broke with academic tradition in 1922 and started a nationalist trend which was influenced by modernist arts. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. It has borders with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador. [177] In the interior northeast, seasonal rainfall is even more extreme. Long after the Cisplatine War that resulted in the independence of Uruguay,[96] Brazil won three international wars during the 58-year reign of PedroII. Teresina, Fortaleza, and Florianpolis were the most Roman Catholic in the country. Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. Brazil has a variety of desserts such as brigadeiros (chocolate fudge balls), bolo de rolo (roll cake with goiabada), cocada (a coconut sweet), beijinhos (coconut truffles and clove) and romeu e julieta (cheese with goiabada). VIDEO: Brazil's unsung 'capital of happiness' (Credit: Kate Schoenbach) It is impossible to describe Bahian ax without first considering the region's layered and tumultuous history. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. In the commercial sector, for example, they represent 53% of the GDP within the activities of the sector. While in 2019 the world matrix was only 14% made up of renewable energy, Brazil's was at 45%. WebGovernment of Brazil. Most of the railway system belonged to the Federal Railroad Corporation RFFSA, which was privatized in 2007. The country also has 50,000 kilometers (31,000 miles) of waterways. Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Paulo. [90], As the new Emperor could not exert his constitutional powers until he came of age, a regency was set up by the National Assembly. [474] The 1941 unfinished film It's All True was divided in four segments, two of which were filmed in Brazil and directed by Orson Welles; it was originally produced as part of the United States' Good Neighbor Policy during Getlio Vargas' Estado Novo government. [175] In the north, the Guiana Highlands form a major drainage divide, separating rivers that flow south into the Amazon Basin from rivers that empty into the Orinoco River system, in Venezuela, to the north. [465], Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region, reflecting the country's varying mix of indigenous and immigrant populations. [169] Experts have largely blamed the situation on the leadership of President Bolsonaro, who throughout the pandemic has repeatedly downplayed the threat of COVID-19 and dissuaded states and cities from enforcing quarantine measures, prioritizing the nation's economy. Brazil's diversified economy includes agriculture, industry, and a wide range of services. [16] Jurisdiction is administered by the judiciary entities, although in rare situations the Federal Constitution allows the Federal Senate to pass on legal judgments. [169][170][171], Brazil occupies a large area along the eastern coast of South America and includes much of the continent's interior,[172] sharing land borders with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and France (French overseas region of French Guiana) to the north. [380][384], People of considerable Amerindian ancestry form the majority of the population in the Northern, Northeastern and Center-Western regions. [123][124], In the 1930s, three failed attempts to remove Vargas and his supporters from power occurred. [358] Illiteracy was high (24.18%) among the rural population and lower (9.05%) among the urban population. The first was the Constitutionalist Revolution in 1932, led by the Paulista oligarchy. [citation needed] In 2017, the Supreme Court requested the investigation of 71 Brazilian lawmakers and nine ministers of President Michel Temer's cabinet who were allegedly linked to the Petrobras corruption scandal. [306] Owner of relative technological sophistication, the country develops submarines, aircraft, as well as being involved in space research, having a Vehicle Launch Center Light and being the only country in the Southern Hemisphere the integrate team building International Space Station (ISS). Flag. Indeed, a Court of Law organized by the state can encompass many municipalities in a single justice administrative division called comarca (county). [178] Brazil's 187778 Grande Seca (Great Drought), the worst in Brazil's history,[182] caused approximately half a million deaths. [132], With the Allied victory in 1945 and the end of the fascist regimes in Europe, Vargas's position became unsustainable and he was swiftly overthrown in another military coup, with democracy "reinstated" by the same army that had ended it 15 years earlier. [389] This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities,[390], Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century,[391] and the Protestant community has grown to include over 22% of the population. Leite, Jos Roberto Teixeira & Lemos, Carlos A.C. Sevcenko, Nicolau. The Brazilian press was officially born in Rio de Janeiro on 13 May 1808 with the creation of the Royal Printing National Press by the Prince Regent Dom Joo. Brazil faces the Atlantic Ocean [399] On the other hand, private healthcare systems play a complementary role. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings. [155][156] Cardoso won the 1994 election, and again in 1998. So Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. The Mata Atlntica (Atlantic Forest) is Brazils other tropical forest. Cumulatively, Brazil has the highest percentage of deforested or highly degraded rainforest of any Amazonia nation. He became unpopular during his tenure through failure to control the economic crisis and hyperinflation he inherited from the military regime. [343] Coastal shipping links widely separated parts of the country. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. Brazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. [16] The president is both head of state and head of government of the Union and is elected for a four-year term,[16] with the possibility of re-election for a second successive term. Other Protestant branches with a notable presence in the country include the Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans and the Reformed tradition. [175] The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. The largest urban agglomerations in Brazil are So Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte all in the Southeastern Region with 21.1, 12.3, and 5.1million inhabitants respectively. Attending an institution of higher education is required by Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education. [72][73] In this era other European powers tried to colonize parts of Brazil, in incursions that the Portuguese had to fight, notably the French in Rio during the 1560s, in Maranho during the 1610s, and the Dutch in Bahia and Pernambuco, during the DutchPortuguese War, after the end of Iberian Union. Brazil faces Facts about Brazils history. Brazil. Uma viso da arquitectura colonial no Brasil [A vision of Colonial Architecture in Brazil] (in Portuguese). The first investments in road infrastructure have given up in the 1920s, the government of Washington Lus, being pursued in the governments of Getlio Vargas and Eurico Gaspar Dutra. Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950 and 1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of0.29% by 2050[355] thus completing the demographic transition. It covers a wide range of activities: commerce, accommodation and catering, transport, communications, financial services, real estate activities and services provided to businesses, public administration (urban cleaning, sanitation, etc.) Facts about Brazils history. 2003. [247] Brazilian foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of multilateralism, peaceful dispute settlement, and non-intervention in the affairs of other countries. WebBrazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest nation in the world. Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazils land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. The first car with an ethanol engine was produced in 1978 and the first airplane engine running on ethanol in 2005. The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. [425][426][427] The majority of state capitals are the largest cities in their states, except for Vitria, the capital of Esprito Santo, and Florianpolis, the capital of Santa Catarina. | ICA", "Brasil extrai cerca de 2 gramas de ouro por habitante em 5 anos", "Nibio: G1 visita em MG complexo industrial do maior produtor do mundo", "Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil", "Fazcomex Tecnologia para Comrcio Exterior Solues para Comex", "Agronegcio tem oito entre os dez produtos lderes das exportaes brasileiras em 2019", "List of importing markets for the product exported by Brazil in 2021", "List of supplying markets for the product imported by Brazil in 2021", "Official History of Automobile Industry in Brazil", "Alimentos Processados | A indstria de alimentos e bebidas na sociedade brasileira atual", "Produo nacional de celulose cai 6,6% em 2019, aponta Ib", "Indstrias caladistas em Franca, SP registram queda de 40% nas vagas de trabalho em 6 anos", "Minas Gerais produz 32,3% do ao nacional em 2019", "O novo mapa das montadoras, que agora rumam para o interior do Pas", "Indstria automobilstica do Sul do Rio impulsiona superavit na economia", "Produo nacional da indstria de qumicos cai 5,7% em 2019, diz Abiquim", "Setor de servios sustenta o crescimento do PIB de 2018", "Pequenos negcios j representam 30% do Produto Interno Bruto do pas", "UNWTO Tourism Highlights 2011 Edition", "Estatisticas e Indicadores: Receita Cambial", "Turismo Brasileiro com novo recorde em 2011", "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015", "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013", NASA Signs International Space Station Agreement With Brazil, "Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt", "Brasil cai duas posies em ranking mundial", "Portable stereo's creator got his due, eventually", "Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fsicas Coleo Galileo: Textos de Fsica", "Atta-Ur-Rahman, Jos Leite Lopes and Juan Martn Maldacena receive UNESCO science prizes", Brasileiro ganha a Medalha Fields, considerada o "Nobel da Matemtica", Hannah Ritchie, Max Roser: Solar Power Generation, https://antigo.aneel.gov.br/web/guest/sala-de-imprensa-exibicao-2/-/asset_publisher/zXQREz8EVlZ6/content/brasil-termina-2021-com-maior-acrescimo-em-potencia-instalada-desde-2016/656877?inheritRedirect=false&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fantigo.aneel.gov.br%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fsala-de-imprensa-exibicao-2%3Fp_p_id%3D101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-2%26p_p_col_pos%3D2%26p_p_col_count%3D3%26_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_advancedSearch%3Dfalse%26_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_keywords%3D%26_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_delta%3D15%26p_r_p_564233524_resetCur%3Dfalse%26_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_cur%3D5%26_101_INSTANCE_zXQREz8EVlZ6_andOperator%3Dtrue, Brasil anuncia aumento da produo de petrleo em 10% para ajudar a estabilizar preos, "Produo de petrleo e gs no Brasil ultrapassa 4 milhes de boe/d pela primeira vez", Country Comparison to the World: Gini Index Brazil, "Ociosidade atinge 70% dos principais aeroportos", "Mercado Brasileiro Terminais de Contineres", "Navios esperam at 16 dias para atracar em porto do pas, diz MDIC", "Populao residente por situao, sexo e grupos de idade", "Brazil population reaches 190.8 million", "Shaping Brazil: The Role of International Migration", "Crescimento populacional e estrutura demogrfica no Brasil", "Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica", "Projeo da Populao do Brasil Brazil's populational projection", "Pessoas de 5 anos ou mais de idade por situao, sexo, alfabetizao e grupos de idade e grupos de idade", "Pessoas de 5 anos ou mais de idade por situao, sexo, alfabetizao e grupos de idade", "Pessoas de 5 anos ou mais de idade por situao, sexo e alfabetizao", "Tendncias Demogrficas: Uma anlise da populao com base nos resultados dos Censos Demogrficos 1940 e 2000", "Demographical census reveals Brazil as older and less white", "Self-declared White Brazilians decrease in number, says IBGE", "Populao residente por cor ou raa, situao e sexo", "Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population", Brazilian DNA is nearly 80% European, indicates study, O impacto das migraes na constituio gentica de populaes latino-americanas, "The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected", "O papel da migrao internacional na evoluo da populao brasileira (1872 a 1972)", "Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians", "Genetic signatures of parental contribution in black and white populations in Brazil", "Genetic heritage variability of Brazilians in even regional averages, 2009 study", "In Amazonia, Defending the Hidden Tribes", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "G1 Pas tem menor nvel de adeptos do catolicismo desde 1872, diz estudo notcias em Brasil", "Decreto n 7.107, de 11 de fevereiro de 2010", "Measuring overall health system performance for 191 countries", "IBGE: Analfabetismo cai no pas, mas fica estagnado no Nordeste", Brazilian decree n 5626, 22 December 2005, "Language Born of Colonialism Thrives Again in Amazon", "Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud Brasile", "Constituio de 1988 da Repblica Federativa do Brasil/Ttulo II Wikisource", "Mais da metade da populao vive em 294 arranjos formados por contiguidade urbana e por deslocamentos para trabalho e estudo", "Arranjos Populacionais e Concentraes Urbanas do Brasil", "Estimativas da populao residente no Brasil e Unidades da Federao com data de referncia em 1 de julho de 2016", "Estimativas da populao residente no Brasil e Unidades da Federao com data de referncia em 1 de julho de 2017", "The Afro-Brazilian experiment: African influence on Brazilian culture", "Ambientes modernos. 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